HYS Local Report

Key to the Notes
Highlights of the Local Results
Selected Results by Gender

General Information
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use
Other Health Concerns
School Climate
Quality of Life
Risk and Protective Factors
1. Risk and Protective Factor Framework and Reporting Schedule
2. Graph of Scale Results
Risk and Protective Factors: Individual Item Results
List of Core Items
Item Index

Healthy Youth Survey 2010

Survey Results

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District)

Grade 8

RMC Research Corporation

111 SW Columbia Street, Suite 1200

Portland, OR 97201

March 2011

Contents

Introduction and Overview

Key to the Notes		1
Highlights of the Local Results		2
Selected Results by Gender		3


General Information (Items 1–14)	4


Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug (ATOD) Use	6

Lifetime Use (Items 15–23)		6
30-Day Use (Items 24–33)		7
Other Tobacco-Related Questions (Items 34–49)		9
Other Alcohol- and Drug-Related Questions (Items 50–62)		11


Other Health Concerns	14

Nutrition and Fitness (Items 63–78)		14
Health Conditions and Health Care (Items 79–88)		17
Sexual Behavior (Items 89–92)		19
Safety (Items 93–99)		19
Behaviors Related to Intentional Injuries (Items 100–109)		20
Depression (Items 110–119)		21
Gambling (Items 120–121)		23


School Climate (Items 122–135)	23


Quality of Life (Items 136–146)	25


Risk and Protective Factors	28

Risk and Protective Factor Framework and Reporting Schedule		29
Risk and Protective Factor Scale Results		30
Graph of Scale Results		32


Risk and Protective Factors: Individual Item Results	33

Community Domain (Items 147–167)		33
Family Domain (Items 168–185)		35
School Domain (Items 186–203)		38
Peer and Individual Domain (Items 204–256)		41


List of Core Items	50


Item Index	50

Healthy Youth Survey 2010

Survey Results

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District), Grade 8

Number of students surveyed:	232
Number of valid responses:	223
Estimate of enrolled students:*	278
Survey participation rate:**	80%

Introduction and Overview

The impact of adolescent health risk behaviors remains a primary concern of citizens throughout the country. Many health problems experienced by adolescents are caused by a very few preventable behaviors. Patterns of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use and related risk behaviors are often formed during adolescence. These patterns play an important role in health throughout adulthood.

This report presents results from the fall 2010 Healthy Youth Survey in Washington State. This survey was sponsored by the Department of Health (DOH), the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Department of Social and Health Services, the Department of Commerce, the Family Policy Council and the Liquor Control Board in cooperation with schools throughout the state of Washington.

For each item, local results appear in the first two columns and statewide results appear in the second two columns. The number of valid responses (“n”) appears in parentheses for each item. Survey items covering the same topics are grouped together (the item numbering is specific to this report and does not necessarily reflect the item order on the actual survey). The bulleted points and graphs included at the beginning of this report highlight selected findings. Additional information may be found in the Interpretive Guide posted to the Healthy Youth Survey web site (http://www.hys.wa.gov/ ).

Survey participation rates can be found on the Healthy Youth Survey web site. The following guidance from DOH may be used when reviewing your results. However, if a particular group(s) of students did not complete the survey and therefore did not contribute to your results, there may be limitations to your results even if you have a high participation rate (i.e., if differences exist between students who did and who did not complete the survey). There may be value in discussing the potential limitations when using the results in this report.

· 70% or greater participation–Results are probably representative of students in this grade.
· 40–69% participation–Results may be representative of students in this grade.
· Less than 40% participation–Results are likely not representative of students in this grade but do reflect students who completed the survey.

Key to the Notes

The survey was administered in 4 versions: Forms A and B (or alternate Form NS, identical to Form B but without the sexual behavior questions) were administered to students in Grades 8, 10, and 12. Forms A and B (or NS) contained a core set of common items (see “List of Core Items” on the last page of this report) and additional items unique to each form. Form C was administered to students in Grade 6. This form consisted primarily of items drawn from Forms A and B but also included some unique items. Several items on each form were optional at the discretion of the school; schools that did not administer the optional items tore off the last page of the survey booklet. The following notes are used throughout this report to document the differences between the items on different versions and indicate the optional items:

A = wording on Form A

B = wording on Form B (and NS)

C = wording on Form C

† = optional item

* Estimate of enrolled students based on figures from the 2008–2009 school year, provided by OSPI (or later if school not in 2008 enrollment file).

** Participation rate = valid responses ÷ enrolled students (may be >100% if enrollment greater in 2010 than 2008).

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Highlights of the Local Results

Your students and students statewide reported the following behaviors and attitudes:

Your students

Statewide

§ Smoking cigarettes in the past 30 days (see item 24).	3.2%	(± 2.3%)	6.4%	(± 1.0%)
Drinking alcohol in the past 30 days (see item 28).	9.2	(± 3.8)	14.0	(± 1.4)
Using marijuana or hashish in the past 30 days (see item 29).	6.4	(± 3.3)	9.2	(± 1.2)
Drinking five or more drinks in a row in the past 2 weeks (see item 55).	4.2	(± 2.7)	7.8	(± 0.9)
Carrying a weapon at school in the past 30 days (see item 102).	3.6	(± 2.5)	5.2	(± 0.6)
Being bullied in the past 30 days (see item 122).	22.6	(± 5.6)	29.9	(± 1.2)
Enjoyed being in school over the past year (see item 191).	51.7	(± 6.8)	49.2	(± 1.7)
Feeling safe at school (see item 202).	89.2	(± 4.1)	83.0	(± 1.9)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Selected Results by Gender

Selected items are presented by gender to highlight any differences between females and males. The p-values reported after each item can be used to examine whether differences in the local data between females and males are statistically significant. A p-value of less than .05 means, for the local results, there is a significant difference between females and males (i.e., the probability that the difference occurred by chance is less than 5%). To ensure student anonymity, local results are suppressed for each item on this page if any cell (e.g., females who reported smoking) represented fewer than 10 students.

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes? (See item 24.)
Local

(n = *)

State

(n = 9,783)

	Female	Male	Female	Male
None	.%	.%	93.2%	94.1%
1 or more	*.*	*.*	6.8	5.9

Note. p = * from a chi-square test.

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you drink a glass, can or bottle of alcohol (beer, wine, wine coolers, hard liquor)? (See item 28.)

Local

(n = 218)

State

(n = 9,747)

	Female	Male	Female	Male
None	89.7%	91.7%	84.9%	87.2%
1 or more	10.3	8.3	15.1	12.8

Note. p = .607 from a chi-square test.

Think back over the last 2 weeks. How many times have you had five or more drinks in a row? (A drink is a glass of wine, a bottle of beer, a shot glass of liquor, or a mixed drink.) (See item 55.)

Local

(n = *)

State

(n = 9,610)

	Female	Male	Female	Male
None	.%	.%	92.0%	92.5%
Once or more	*.*	*.*	8.0	7.6

Note. p = * from a chi-square test.

During the past l2 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing some usual activities? (See item 110.)

Local

(n = 204)

State

(n = 8,997)

	Female	Male	Female	Male
No	69.2%	82.7%	70.7%	80.0%
Yes	30.9	17.3	29.3	20.0

Note. p = .025 from a chi-square test.

In the last 30 days, how often have you been bullied?

(See item 122.)

Local

(n = 212)

State

(n = 9,406)

	Female	Male	Female	Male
I have not been bullied	79.2%	75.9%	68.8%	71.4%
Once or more	20.8	24.1	31.2	28.6

Note. p = .565 from a chi-square test.

I feel safe at my school. (See item 202.)

Local

(n = *)

State

(n = 9,933)

	Female	Male	Female	Male
No	.%	.%	15.2%	18.8%
Yes	*.*	*.*	84.8	81.2

Note. p = * from a chi-square test.

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

General Information
1. How old are you?
Local

(n = 223)

State

(n = 10,049)

a. 12 or younger	1.8%	(± 1.7%)	4.3%	(± 6.3%)
b. 13	74.9	(± 5.7)	69.4	(± 4.7)
c. 14	23.3	(± 5.5)	25.2	(± 2.0)
d. 15	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.2)
e. 16	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.0)
f. 17	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
g. 18	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
h. 19 or older	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)

[Item 2 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

3. Are you:

Local

(n = 223)

State

(n = 10,024)

a. Female	44.4%	(± 6.5%)	50.6%	(± 0.9%)
b. Male	55.6	(± 6.5)	49.4	(± 0.9)

4. How do you describe yourself? (Select one or more responses.)

Local

(n = 220)

State

(n = 9,916)

a. American Indian or Alaskan Native	12.3%	(± 4.3%)	9.1%	(± 2.5%)
b. Asian or Asian American	1.8	(± 1.8)	2.9	(± 0.4)
c. Black or African-American	4.1	(± 2.6)	5.4	(± 1.3)
d. Hispanic or Latino/Latina	10.5	(± 4.0)	13.7	(± 4.0)
e. Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	1.4	(± 1.5)	2.1	(± 0.5)
f. White or Caucasian	53.2	(± 6.6)	49.8	(± 5.0)
g. Other	5.5	(± 3.0)	8.1	(± 0.9)
*More than one race/ethnicity marked*	11.4	(± 4.2)	9.0	(± 0.9)

5. What language is usually spoken at home?

Local

(n = 211)

State

(n = 9,558)

a. English	83.9%	(± 5.0%)	80.0%	(± 4.0%)
b. Spanish	4.3	(± 2.7)	9.6	(± 3.2)
c. Russian	1.4	(± 1.6)	1.3	(± 0.5)
d. Ukrainian	1.4	(± 1.6)	0.9	(± 0.3)
e. Vietnamese	2.8	(± 2.2)	1.3	(± 0.6)
f. Chinese	1.0	(± 1.3)	1.1	(± 0.7)
g. Korean	0.5	(± 0.9)	0.8	(± 0.4)
h. Japanese	0.5	(± 0.9)	0.3	(± 0.1)
i. Other	4.3	(± 2.7)	4.8	(± 1.4)

[Item 6 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

7. How far did your mother get in school?

Local

(n = 211)

State

(n = 9,433)

a. Did not finish high school	8.5%	(± 3.8%)	10.5%	(± 1.7%)
b. Graduated from high school or GED	25.1	(± 5.9)	18.9	(± 1.6)
c. Had some college or technical training after high school	18.5	(± 5.2)	17.8	(± 1.2)
d. Graduated from a 4-year college	18.5	(± 5.2)	18.1	(± 2.1)
e. Earned an advanced graduate degree	7.6	(± 3.6)	8.9	(± 1.6)
f. Don’t know	21.8	(± 5.6)	23.6	(± 1.4)
g. Does not apply	0.0	(± 0.0)	2.3	(± 0.4)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

8. How far did your father get in school?

Local

(n = 210)

State

(n = 9,378)

a. Did not finish high school	8.6%	(± 3.8%)	10.8%	(± 1.7%)
b. Graduated from high school or GED	22.9	(± 5.7)	17.7	(± 1.4)
c. Had some college or technical training after high school	15.7	(± 4.9)	14.6	(± 1.1)
d. Graduated from a 4-year college	17.1	(± 5.1)	16.0	(± 1.6)
e. Earned an advanced graduate degree	8.1	(± 3.7)	10.6	(± 2.4)
f. Don’t know	25.7	(± 5.9)	27.2	(± 1.8)
g. Does not apply	1.9	(± 1.8)	3.0	(± 0.5)

9. How many hours per week are you currently working for pay, NOT counting chores around your home, yard work, or babysitting?

Local

(n = 96)

State

(n = 4,472)

a. None, not currently working	91.7%	(± 5.5%)	85.3%	(± 1.2%)
b. 10 hours or less a week	5.2	(± 4.4)	9.9	(± 0.9)
c. 11-30 hours a week	2.1	(± 2.9)	2.4	(± 0.5)
d. 31–40 hours a week	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.3)
e. More than 40 hours a week	1.0	(± 2.0)	1.6	(± 0.4)

10. Not counting chores around your home, while working for pay, have you ever been injured badly enough that you needed to go to a nurse, doctor, or hospital?

Local

(n = 96)

State

(n = 4,436)

a. Never worked for pay	83.3%	(± 7.4%)	71.0%	(± 2.2%)
b. Have worked, but never injured enough to see nurse or doctor	15.6	(± 7.3)	26.4	(± 2.0)
c. Yes, I was injured at work and needed to go to a nurse, doctor or hospital	1.0	(± 2.0)	2.6	(± 0.5)

11. How would you describe the type of place that you currently work? (Pick your main job. Choose one.)

Local

(n = 95)

State

(n = 4,404)

a. Not currently working	75.8%	(± 8.6%)	77.2%	(± 1.8%)
b. Restaurant (including fast food)	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.5	(± 0.3)
c. Store (including grocery, convenience, clothing, music, or gift stores, gas station)	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.2	(± 0.3)
d. Hospital, clinic, or nursing home	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.6	(± 0.3)
e. Construction	2.1	(± 2.9)	0.9	(± 0.3)
f. Farm or dairy	2.1	(± 2.9)	1.4	(± 0.5)
g. Factory	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.2)
h. Packing house or food processing	1.1	(± 2.1)	0.3	(± 0.2)
i. Babysitting	11.6	(± 6.4)	6.3	(± 0.8)
j. Yard work	5.3	(± 4.5)	3.8	(± 0.6)
k. Other	2.1	(± 2.9)	6.4	(± 0.9)

12. On an average school night, how many hours do you sleep?

Local

(n = 96)

State

(n = 4,397)

a. 5 hours or less	5.2%	(± 4.4%)	8.0%	(± 0.9%)
b. About 6 hours	12.5	(± 6.6)	12.6	(± 1.2)
c. About 7 hours	19.8	(± 8.0)	23.0	(± 1.5)
d. About 8 hours	34.4	(± 9.5)	38.4	(± 1.7)
e. 9 hours or more	28.1	(± 9.0)	18.0	(± 2.2)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

13. On an average weekend night (Friday and Saturday night), how many hours do you sleep?

Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 4,391)

a. 5 hours or less	15.1%	(± 7.3%)	18.8%	(± 1.6%)
b. About 6 hours	8.6	(± 5.7)	12.1	(± 1.0)
c. About 7 hours	11.8	(± 6.6)	12.5	(± 1.1)
d. About 8 hours	15.1	(± 7.3)	16.7	(± 0.9)
e. 9 hours or more	49.5	(± 10.2)	40.0	(± 2.0)

14. How honest were you in filling out this survey?

Local

(n = 173)

State

(n = 7,861)

a. I was very honest	87.9%	(± 4.9%)	83.0%	(± 1.2%)
b. I was honest pretty much of the time	11.0	(± 4.7)	14.4	(± 1.1)
c. I was honest some of the time	1.2	(± 1.6)	2.6	(± 0.4)

d. I was honest once in a while	Surveys pulled
e. I was not honest at all	Surveys pulled

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use

Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use has been a major concern in this country for many years. The consequences of ATOD use are well known. In the short term, ATOD use interferes with positive physical, emotional, and social development. In the long term, ATOD use is associated with delinquency and criminal activity, unintended injuries, and a variety of health complications including shorter life expectancy. The economic costs of ATOD use are enormous (in Washington State an estimated $1.81 billion in 1990 $2.54 billion in 1996, and $5.21 billion in 2005). Tobacco use is the world’s leading cause of preventable death, disease, and disability. This section provides information about lifetime ATOD use (which in part reflects experimental use), use in the past 30 days (i.e., current use), and other tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-related issues.

Lifetime Use
15. Have you ever smoked a cigarette, even just a puff? (Computed from item 210.)
Local

(n = 105)

State

(n = 4,601)

a. No	91.4%	(± 5.4%)	82.9%	(± 2.2%)
b. Yes	8.6	(± 5.4)	17.1	(± 2.2)

16. Have you ever had more than a sip or two of beer, wine, or hard liquor (for example, vodka, whiskey, or gin)? (Computed from item 211 or 212.)

Local

(n = 214)

State

(n = 9,539)

a. No	69.2%	(± 6.2%)	61.7%	(± 2.4%)
b. Yes	30.8	(± 6.2)	38.4	(± 2.4)

17. Have you ever smoked marijuana? (Computed from item 208 or 209.)

Local

(n = 214)

State

(n = 9,586)

a. No	91.1%	(± 3.8%)	87.2%	(± 1.7%)
b. Yes	8.9	(± 3.8)	12.8	(± 1.7)

Have you ever, even once in your life:

18. Used inhalants?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,563)

a. No	96.2%	(± 3.7%)	94.3%	(± 0.7%)
b. Yes	3.9	(± 3.7)	5.7	(± 0.7)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

19. Used heroin?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,557)

a. No	99.0%	(± 1.9%)	97.9%	(± 0.5%)
b. Yes	1.0	(± 1.9)	2.1	(± 0.5)

20. Used methamphetamines (meth, crystal meth, ice, crank)? Do not include other types of amphetamines.

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,560)

a. No	99.0%	(± 1.9%)	97.7%	(± 0.5%)
b. Yes	1.0	(± 1.9)	2.3	(± 0.5)

21. Used cocaine?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,556)

a. No	99.0%	(± 1.9%)	97.5%	(± 0.5%)
b. Yes	1.0	(± 1.9)	2.5	(± 0.5)

22. Used steroids (muscle builders) without a doctor’s prescription?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,551)

a. No	98.1%	(± 2.6%)	97.7%	(± 0.5%)
b. Yes	1.9	(± 2.6)	2.3	(± 0.5)

[Item 23 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

30-Day Use (Use in the Past 30 Days)

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you:
24. Smoke cigarettes?
Local

(n = 218)

State

(n = 9,811)

a. None	96.8%	(± 2.3%)	93.6%	(± 1.0%)
b. 1–2 days	0.5	(± 0.9)	2.8	(± 0.4)
c. 3–5 days	0.5	(± 0.9)	1.1	(± 0.3)
d. 6–9 days	0.9	(± 1.3)	0.8	(± 0.2)
e. 10–29 days	0.9	(± 1.3)	0.7	(± 0.2)
f. All 30 days	0.5	(± 0.9)	0.9	(± 0.3)
*Any use in past 30 days*	*3.2*	*(± 2.3)*	*6.4*	*(± 1.0)*

25. Use chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip?

Local

(n = 218)

State

(n = 9,810)

a. None	99.5%	(± 0.9%)	97.1%	(± 0.5%)
b. 1–2 days	0.5	(± 0.9)	1.4	(± 0.3)
c. 3–5 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.5	(± 0.2)
d. 6–9 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.2)
e. 10–29 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.2	(± 0.1)
f. All 30 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.1)
*Any use in past 30 days*	*0.5*	*(± 0.9)*	*2.9*	*(± 0.5)*

26. Smoke cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars?^†

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,985)

a. 0 days	97.3%	(± 3.1%)	95.8%	(± 0.7%)
b. 1–2 days	0.9	(± 1.8)	2.7	(± 0.5)
c. 3–9 days	0.9	(± 1.8)	0.8	(± 0.2)
d. 10–29 days	0.9	(± 1.8)	0.3	(± 0.1)
e. All 30 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.2)
*Any use in past 30 days*	*2.8*	*(± 3.1)*	*4.2*	*(± 0.7)*

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

27. Use tobacco that tastes like candy, fruit, or alcohol (tobacco includes: little cigars, bidis, cloves, chew, spit, snus, hookah)?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,980)

a. 0 days	97.3%	(± 3.1%)	95.1%	(± 0.8%)
b. 1–2 days	1.8	(± 2.5)	2.9	(± 0.5)
c. 3–9 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.1	(± 0.4)
d. 10–29 days	0.9	(± 1.8)	0.5	(± 0.2)
e. All 30 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.2)
*Any use in past 30 days*	*2.8*	*(± 3.1)*	*4.9*	*(± 0.8)*

28. Drink a glass, can or bottle of alcohol (beer, wine, wine coolers, hard liquor)?

Local

(n = 218)

State

(n = 9,775)

a. None	90.8%	(± 3.8%)	86.0%	(± 1.4%)
b. 1–2 days	6.0	(± 3.1)	9.2	(± 0.9)
c. 3–5 days	1.4	(± 1.5)	2.6	(± 0.4)
d. 6–9 days	0.5	(± 0.9)	1.0	(± 0.3)
e. 10 or more days	1.4	(± 1.5)	1.2	(± 0.3)
*Any use in past 30 days*	*9.2*	*(± 3.8)*	*14.0*	*(± 1.4)*

29. Use marijuana or hashish (grass, hash, pot)?

Local

(n = 218)

State

(n = 9,776)

a. None	93.6%	(± 3.3%)	90.8%	(± 1.2%)
b. 1–2 days	2.3	(± 2.0)	4.3	(± 0.6)
c. 3–5 days	1.8	(± 1.8)	1.7	(± 0.3)
d. 6–9 days	0.9	(± 1.3)	0.7	(± 0.2)
e. 10 or more days	1.4	(± 1.5)	2.4	(± 0.5)
*Any use in past 30 days*	*6.4*	*(± 3.3)*	*9.2*	*(± 1.2)*

30. Not counting alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana, use another illegal drug?

Local

(n = 218)

State

(n = 9,745)

a. None	97.3%	(± 2.2%)	97.1%	(± 0.5%)
b. 1–2 days	2.3	(± 2.0)	1.4	(± 0.3)
c. 3–5 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.2)
d. 6–9 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.3	(± 0.1)
e. 10 or more days	0.5	(± 0.9)	0.3	(± 0.1)
*Any use in past 30 days*	*2.8*	*(± 2.2)*	*2.9*	*(± 0.5)*

31. Use any illegal drug, including marijuana? (Computed from items 29 and 30.)

Local

(n = 218)

State

(n = 9,733)

*None*	93.1%	(± 3.4%)	90.3%	(± 1.3%)
*1 or more*	6.9	(± 3.4)	9.7	(± 1.3)
*Any use in the past 30 days*	*6.9*	*(± 3.4)*	*9.7*	*(± 1.3)*

32. Use a pain killer to get high, like Vicodin, OxyContin (sometimes called Oxy or OC) or Percocet (sometimes called Percs)?

Local

(n = 218)

State

(n = 9,710)

a. None	96.8%	(± 2.3%)	95.9%	(± 0.6%)
b. 1–2 days	1.8	(± 1.8)	2.5	(± 0.4)
c. 3–5 days	0.9	(± 1.3)	0.9	(± 0.2)
d. 6–9 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.3	(± 0.1)
e. 10 or more days	0.5	(± 0.9)	0.5	(± 0.2)
*Any use in past 30 days*	*3.2*	*(± 2.3)*	*4.2*	*(± 0.6)*

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

33. Some kids take a medicine prescribed by their doctor to help with hyperactivity or focus (ADD). Some names for this medicine are Ritalin, Adderall, or Concerta. In the past 30 days have you taken one of these drugs?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,737)

a. No	88.1%	(± 6.1%)	90.6%	(± 1.1%)
b. Yes—prescribed by my doctor for me	11.9	(± 6.1)	7.6	(± 0.9)
c. Yes—but NOT prescribed by a doctor for me	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.8	(± 0.4)

Other Tobacco-Related Questions

34. If one of your best friends offered you a cigarette, would you smoke it?
Local

(n = 215)

State

(n = 9,620)

a. Definitely no	86.1%	(± 4.6%)	78.7%	(± 1.7%)
b. Probably no	9.3	(± 3.9)	12.0	(± 0.9)
c. Probably yes	2.3	(± 2.0)	6.4	(± 0.7)
d. Definitely yes	2.3	(± 2.0)	2.9	(± 0.6)

35. Do you think that you will smoke a cigarette anytime in the next year?

Local

(n = 213)

State

(n = 9,610)

a. Definitely no	84.0%	(± 4.9%)	77.2%	(± 1.8%)
b. Probably no	10.3	(± 4.1)	13.5	(± 1.0)
c. Probably yes	3.8	(± 2.5)	6.1	(± 0.7)
d. Definitely yes	1.9	(± 1.8)	3.3	(± 0.6)

36. Have made a firm commitment to not smoke cigarettes; i.e., not susceptible to smoking. (Computed from both items 34 and 35).

Local

(n = 214)

State

(n = 9,609)

a. Yes, not susceptible	81.3%	(± 5.2%)	73.7%	(± 2.0%)
b. No, susceptible	18.7	(± 5.2)	26.3	(± 2.0)

37. Do you think young people risk harming themselves if they smoke 1–5 cigarettes a day?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,955)

a. Definitely no	5.5%	(± 4.3%)	5.8%	(± 0.7%)
b. Probably no	0.9	(± 1.8)	3.4	(± 0.5)
c. Probably yes	14.7	(± 6.6)	20.3	(± 1.5)
d. Definitely yes	78.9	(± 7.7)	70.6	(± 1.8)

38. During the past year in school, how many times did you get information in classes about the dangers of tobacco use?

Local

(n = 108)

State

(n = 4,953)

a. None	13.9%	(± 6.5%)	25.1%	(± 2.6%)
b. Once	31.5	(± 8.8)	21.4	(± 1.9)
c. 2 or 3 times	38.0	(± 9.2)	28.8	(± 1.8)
d. 4 or more times	16.7	(± 7.0)	24.7	(± 3.8)

39. Do you think that rules about not using tobacco at your school are usually enforced?

Local

(n = 108)

State

(n = 4,879)

a. Definitely no	7.4%	(± 4.9%)	11.7%	(± 1.2%)
b. Probably no	9.3	(± 5.5)	13.0	(± 1.4)
c. Probably yes	33.3	(± 8.9)	35.8	(± 1.5)
d. Definitely yes	50.0	(± 9.4)	39.5	(± 2.6)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

40. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, or chew/dip) on school property?

Local

(n = 107)

State

(n = 4,968)

a. 0 days	98.1%	(± 2.6%)	97.4%	(± 0.6%)
b. 1–2 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.3	(± 0.4)
c. 3–9 days	0.9	(± 1.8)	0.6	(± 0.3)
d. 10–29 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.2	(± 0.1)
e. All 30 days	0.9	(± 1.8)	0.4	(± 0.2)

41. Do you think the smoke from other people’s cigarettes (secondhand smoke) is harmful to you?

Local

(n = 92)

State

(n = 4,232)

a. Definitely no	4.4%	(± 4.2%)	10.5%	(± 1.2%)
b. Probably no	5.4	(± 4.6)	6.2	(± 0.9)
c. Probably yes	21.7	(± 8.4)	24.8	(± 1.7)
d. Definitely yes	68.5	(± 9.5)	58.6	(± 2.3)

42. Some tobacco companies make t-shirts, lighters, or other items that people can buy or receive for free. During the past 12 months, did you buy or receive anything that has a tobacco company name or picture on it?

Local

(n = 91)

State

(n = 4,204)

a. No	93.4%	(± 5.1%)	90.0%	(± 1.2%)
b. Yes	6.6	(± 5.1)	10.0	(± 1.2)

43. During the past 7 days, on how many days were you in the same room with someone who was smoking cigarettes?

Local

(n = 91)

State

(n = 4,166)

a. 0 days	81.3%	(± 8.0%)	68.5%	(± 2.3%)
b. 1–2 days	11.0	(± 6.4)	17.0	(± 1.4)
c. 3–4 days	4.4	(± 4.2)	5.9	(± 0.8)
d. 5–6 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	2.8	(± 0.5)
e. 7 days	3.3	(± 3.7)	5.8	(± 0.9)

44. Does anyone who lives with you now smoke cigarettes?

Local

(n = 89)

State

(n = 4,103)

a. No	79.8%	(± 8.3%)	69.4%	(± 2.6%)
b. Yes	20.2	(± 8.3)	30.6	(± 2.6)

45. During the past 7 days, on how many days did you ride in a car with someone who was smoking cigarettes?

Local

(n = 91)

State

(n = 4,149)

a. 0 days	87.9%	(± 6.7%)	77.3%	(± 2.5%)
b. 1-2 days	7.7	(± 5.5)	11.7	(± 1.3)
c. 3-4 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	5.0	(± 0.8)
d. 5-6 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	2.2	(± 0.5)
e. 7 days	4.4	(± 4.2)	3.9	(± 0.9)

46. Has either of your parents (or guardians) discussed the dangers of tobacco use with you?

Local

(n = 89)

State

(n = 4,053)

a. Mother (or female guardian) only	10.1%	(± 6.3%)	16.9%	(± 1.3%)
b. Father (or male guardian) only	2.3	(± 3.1)	4.7	(± 0.8)
c. Both	65.2	(± 9.9)	52.4	(± 2.1)
d. Neither	22.5	(± 8.7)	26.0	(± 1.8)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

47. Which of these best describes the rules about smoking inside the house where you live? Smoking is…

Local

(n = 91)

State

(n = 4,133)

a. Never allowed inside my house	93.4%	(± 5.1%)	83.4%	(± 1.9%)
b. Allowed only at some times or in some places	5.5	(± 4.7)	12.1	(± 1.4)
c. Always allowed inside my house	1.1	(± 2.1)	4.5	(± 1.0)

48. During the past 30 days, have you seen or heard commercials on TV, the Internet, or on the radio about the dangers of cigarette smoking?

Local

(n = 89)

State

(n = 4,103)

a. Not in the past 30 days	37.1%	(± 10.0%)	39.8%	(± 2.0%)
b. 1–3 times in the past 30 days	21.4	(± 8.5)	28.3	(± 1.6)
c. 1–3 times per week	16.9	(± 7.8)	13.2	(± 1.2)
d. Daily or almost daily	14.6	(± 7.3)	11.0	(± 1.3)
e. More than once a day	10.1	(± 6.3)	7.7	(± 0.9)

49. During the past 30 days, how did you usually get your own tobacco? (Choose only one answer.)

Local

(n = 89)

State

(n = 3,987)

a. I did not use tobacco during the past 30 days	97.8%	(± 3.1%)	91.1%	(± 1.5%)
b. I bought it in a store such as a convenience store, supermarket, discount store or gas station	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.8	(± 0.3)
c. I bought it from a vending machine	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.4)
d. I gave someone else money to buy them for me	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.8	(± 0.5)
e. I borrowed (or bummed) them from someone else	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.5	(± 0.5)
f. A person 18 years old or older gave them to me	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.3)
g. I took them from a store or a family member	1.1	(± 2.2)	1.1	(± 0.3)
h. I got them some other way	1.1	(± 2.2)	2.0	(± 0.5)

Other Alcohol- and Drug-Related Questions
50. During the past 30 days, have you seen or heard advertisements on TV, the Internet, the radio, or magazines about the dangers of kids drinking alcohol?
Local

(n = 111)

State

(n = 4,929)

a. Not in the past 30 days	41.4%	(± 9.2%)	37.6%	(± 1.7%)
b. 1–3 times in the past 30 days	32.4	(± 8.7)	27.9	(± 1.2)
c. 1–3 times per week	8.1	(± 5.1)	14.6	(± 0.9)
d. Daily or almost daily	10.8	(± 5.8)	11.5	(± 1.1)
e. More than once a day	7.2	(± 4.8)	8.4	(± 0.9)

51. NOT including talks on drinking and driving, in the past year have your parents or guardians talked to you about why you should not drink alcohol?

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,915)

a. Yes, a number of times	43.8%	(± 9.2%)	43.8%	(± 1.8%)
b. Yes, once	22.3	(± 7.7)	18.6	(± 1.2)
c. No	17.0	(± 7.0)	21.7	(± 1.5)
d. I don’t remember	17.0	(± 7.0)	15.9	(± 1.2)

52. During the past year in school, how many times did you get information in classes about reasons not to use alcohol and other drugs?

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,894)

a. None	7.1%	(± 4.7%)	18.3%	(± 1.9%)
b. Once	26.6	(± 8.1)	23.2	(± 2.2)
c. 2 or 3 times	38.9	(± 9.0)	31.2	(± 1.8)
d. 4 or more times	27.4	(± 8.2)	27.3	(± 3.5)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

53. Do you think that rules about not drinking alcohol or using drugs at your school are usually enforced?

Local

(n = 108)

State

(n = 4,867)

a. Definitely no	11.1%	(± 5.9%)	11.7%	(± 1.4%)
b. Probably no	8.3	(± 5.2)	10.3	(± 1.2)
c. Probably yes	28.7	(± 8.5)	32.4	(± 1.5)
d. Definitely yes	51.9	(± 9.4)	45.7	(± 2.8)

54. How much do you think people risk harming themselves if they smoke marijuana occasionally?

Local

(n = 111)

State

(n = 4,885)

a. No risk	8.1%	(± 5.1%)	8.7%	(± 1.1%)
b. Slight risk	11.7	(± 6.0)	11.6	(± 1.2)
c. Moderate risk	27.9	(± 8.3)	28.9	(± 1.5)
d. Great risk	46.0	(± 9.3)	44.6	(± 2.1)
e. Not sure	6.3	(± 4.5)	6.2	(± 1.1)

55. Think back over the last 2 weeks. How many times have you had five or more drinks in a row? (A drink is a glass of wine, a bottle of beer, a shot glass of liquor, or a mixed drink.)

Local

(n = 214)

State

(n = 9,636)

a. None	95.8%	(± 2.7%)	92.2%	(± 0.9%)
b. Once	2.8	(± 2.2)	3.6	(± 0.4)
c. Twice	0.5	(± 0.9)	2.0	(± 0.4)
d. 3–5 times	0.9	(± 1.3)	1.2	(± 0.3)
e. 6–9 times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.5	(± 0.1)
f. 10 or more times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.6	(± 0.1)

56. If you had to guess, how many students in your grade at school drank alcohol during the past 30 days?

Local

(n = 111)

State

(n = 4,814)

a. 0 out of 10 (none)	13.5%	(± 6.4%)	17.4%	(± 3.2%)
b. 1 out of 10	28.8	(± 8.4)	22.4	(± 2.3)
c. 2 out of 10	15.3	(± 6.7)	14.6	(± 1.2)
d. 3 out of 10	20.7	(± 7.5)	14.3	(± 1.3)
e. 4 out of 10	8.1	(± 5.1)	9.0	(± 1.0)
f. 5 out of 10 (about half)	10.8	(± 5.8)	11.0	(± 1.5)
g. 6 out of 10	0.9	(± 1.8)	3.2	(± 0.6)
h. 7 out of 10	0.9	(± 1.8)	2.7	(± 0.7)
i. 8 out of 10	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.6	(± 0.4)
j. 9 out of 10	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.3	(± 0.3)
k. 10 out of 10 (all)	0.9	(± 1.8)	2.6	(± 0.7)

57. Think about the students in your school. If you had to guess, how wrong do most students in your grade think it is to drink alcohol regularly?

Local

(n = 99)

State

(n = 4,333)

a. Very wrong	32.3%	(± 9.2%)	40.1%	(± 2.7%)
b. Wrong	42.4	(± 9.7)	33.2	(± 1.9)
c. A little bit wrong	23.2	(± 8.3)	20.4	(± 1.9)
d. Not wrong at all	2.0	(± 2.8)	6.3	(± 1.2)

58. Drinking Categories Variable (Computed from items 28 and 55).

Local

(n = 212)

State

(n = 9,629)

a. No alcohol use	89.6%	(± 4.1%)	84.7%	(± 1.5%)
b. 1-2 days and no binges	5.2	(± 3.0)	6.1	(± 0.6)
c. 3-5 days or 1 binge	2.8	(± 2.2)	4.2	(± 0.5)
d. 6+ days or 2+ binges	2.4	(± 2.0)	5.1	(± 0.8)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

59. How many times in the past year (12 months) have you been drunk or high at school?

Local

(n = 214)

State

(n = 9,627)

a. Never	94.4%	(± 3.1%)	92.5%	(± 1.0%)
b. 1–2 times	4.2	(± 2.7)	4.1	(± 0.6)
c. 3–5 times	0.9	(± 1.3)	1.6	(± 0.3)
d. 6–9 times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.7	(± 0.2)
e. 10 or more times	0.5	(± 0.9)	1.2	(± 0.3)

60. During the past 30 days, how did you usually get alcohol (beer, wine, or hard liquor)? Choose all that apply.

Percentages do not total 100% due to multiple responses.

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,617)

a. I did not get alcohol in the past 30 days	91.4%	(± 5.4%)	86.4%	(± 1.4%)
b. I bought it from a store	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.5	(± 0.4)
c. I got it from friends	3.9	(± 3.7)	3.3	(± 0.5)
d. I got it at a party	1.0	(± 1.9)	2.7	(± 0.6)
e. I got it from an older brother or sister	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.3	(± 0.3)
f. I gave money to someone to get it for me	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.4	(± 0.4)
g. I took it from home without my parents’ permission	2.9	(± 3.2)	3.4	(± 0.6)
h. I got it at home with my parents’ permission	1.0	(± 1.9)	2.2	(± 0.5)
i. I got it at a family celebration, ceremony, or party	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.6	(± 0.5)
j. I got it some other way	1.9	(± 2.6)	2.6	(± 0.5)

61. If you have EVER used pain killers to get high, where did you usually get them?

Local

(n = 108)

State

(n = 4,673)

a. I did not use pain killers to get high	95.4%	(± 4.0%)	92.3%	(± 1.1%)
b. I used my own prescriptions (from a doctor or dentist)	2.8	(± 3.1)	2.0	(± 0.4)
c. A family member gave them to me	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.3)
d. I took them from my home or someone else’s home without permission	0.9	(± 1.8)	1.4	(± 0.4)
e. I got them from a friend	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.6	(± 0.4)
f. I got them from an acquaintance	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.2	(± 0.2)
g. I got them from a drug dealer	0.9	(± 1.8)	0.7	(± 0.2)
h. I got them from the internet	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)
i. I got them some other way	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.3)

62. During the last year, have you felt that you needed help (such as counseling or treatment) for your alcohol, tobacco, or other drug use?

Local

(n = 106)

State

(n = 4,705)

a. I have not used alcohol or other drugs	89.6%	(± 5.8%)	83.4%	(± 1.9%)
b. I have used alcohol and/or drugs but I haven’t needed help	4.7	(± 4.0)	11.3	(± 1.4)
c. Yes, I felt I have needed help	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.8	(± 0.4)
d. Not sure	5.7	(± 4.4)	3.5	(± 0.6)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Other Health Concerns

This section provides results regarding other health concerns including nutrition and fitness, health conditions and health care, safety, behaviors related to intentional injury, depression, and gambling behavior. Proper nutrition and exercise are critical components of a healthy life, as is access to preventive health care. Safety-related behaviors, such as wearing a seat belt when in a moving vehicle, can profoundly influence the outcome of an accident. Injury is the leading cause of death for adolescents aged 10 to 19, and violence contributes to injury-related deaths. People who are depressed experience a range of symptoms, and depression is associated with suicidal behavior.

Nutrition and Fitness
63. Obese: “Obese” includes students who are in the top 5% for body mass index by age and gender based on growth charts developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000). “Overweight” includes students who are in the top 15% but not the top 5%. (Computed from numeric responses to “How tall are you without your shoes on?” and “How much do you weigh without your shoes on?”)
Local

(n = *)

State

(n = 4,112)

Obese	.%	*(± .%)*	11.3%	(± 1.4%)
Overweight	*.*	*(± .)*	15.7	(± 1.4)
Not overweight	*.*	*(± .)*	73.0	(± 2.4)

Note. Results are suppressed for building-level reports.

64. Which of the following are you trying to do about your weight?

Local

(n = 107)

State

(n = 4,877)

a. I am not trying to do anything about my weight	32.7%	(± 8.9%)	31.2%	(± 1.7%)
b. Lose weight	36.5	(± 9.1)	40.9	(± 2.2)
c. Gain weight	9.4	(± 5.5)	8.8	(± 0.8)
d. Stay the same weight	21.5	(± 7.8)	19.2	(± 1.4)

65. How often do you eat dinner with your family?

Local

(n = 107)

State

(n = 4,922)

a. Never	1.9%	(± 2.6%)	5.0%	(± 0.8%)
b. Rarely	11.2	(± 6.0)	11.1	(± 1.0)
c. Sometimes	20.6	(± 7.7)	16.7	(± 1.4)
d. Most of the time	36.5	(± 9.1)	35.2	(± 1.7)
e. Always	29.9	(± 8.7)	32.0	(± 2.2)

66. How often in the past 12 months did you or your family have to cut meal size or skip meals because there wasn’t enough money for food?^†

Local

(n = 86)

State

(n = 3,423)

a. Almost every month	7.0%	(± 5.4%)	5.7%	(± 1.0%)
b. Some months but not every month	4.7	(± 4.4)	5.8	(± 0.7)
c. Only 1–2 months	0.0	(± 0.0)	5.4	(± 0.8)
d. Did not have to skip or cut the size of meals	88.4	(± 6.8)	83.1	(± 1.8)

67. Did you eat breakfast today?

Local

(n = 107)

State

(n = 4,928)

a. Yes	74.8%	(± 8.2%)	68.1%	(± 2.1%)
b. No	25.2	(± 8.2)	31.9	(± 2.1)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

68. How many sodas or pops did you drink yesterday? (Do not count diet soda.)

Local

(n = 107)

State

(n = 4,913)

a. None	57.9%	(± 9.3%)	60.3%	(± 2.4%)
b. 1	29.9	(± 8.7)	26.4	(± 1.5)
c. 2	6.5	(± 4.7)	7.9	(± 1.0)
d. 3	2.8	(± 3.1)	2.7	(± 0.6)
e. 4 or more	2.8	(± 3.1)	2.8	(± 0.5)

69. During the past 7 days, how many times did you drink regular soda, sports drinks (such as Gatorade) and other flavored sweetened drinks (such as Snapple or SoBe) at school (including any after-school and weekend activities)? Do not include diet drinks.

Local

(n = 107)

State

(n = 4,921)

a. 0 times	47.7%	(± 9.5%)	33.4%	(± 2.7%)
b. 1–3 times	34.6	(± 9.0)	38.9	(± 1.6)
c. 4–6 times	7.5	(± 5.0)	13.3	(± 1.0)
d. 7–9 times	2.8	(± 3.1)	5.0	(± 0.8)
e. 10 times or more	7.5	(± 5.0)	9.4	(± 1.1)

70. During the past 7 days, where did you usually get the soda or other sweetened drinks that you drank at school? (Choose only one answer.)

Local

(n = 106)

State

(n = 4,900)

a. I did not drink sodas, sports drinks, or other flavored drinks at school	61.3%	(± 9.3%)	42.9%	(± 2.7%)
b. I brought them from home	23.6	(± 8.1)	27.5	(± 2.3)
c. I got them from friends	3.8	(± 3.6)	6.2	(± 0.7)
d. I bought them at school	6.6	(± 4.7)	14.9	(± 2.8)
e. Other	4.7	(± 4.0)	8.6	(± 1.0)

On how many of the past 7 days did you:

71. In the past 7 days, on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day? (Add up all the time you spent in any kind of physical activity that increases your heart rate or makes you breathe hard some of the time.)
Local

(n = 107)

State

(n = 4,883)

a. 0 days	9.4%	(± 5.5%)	8.6%	(± 1.2%)
b. 1 day	3.7	(± 3.6)	6.1	(± 0.9)
c. 2 days	12.2	(± 6.2)	7.2	(± 0.9)
d. 3 days	11.2	(± 6.0)	10.5	(± 1.1)
e. 4 days	15.0	(± 6.8)	11.1	(± 1.0)
f. 5 days	16.8	(± 7.1)	18.2	(± 1.3)
g. 6 days	15.0	(± 6.8)	11.1	(± 1.2)
h. 7 days	16.8	(± 7.1)	27.1	(± 1.7)

72. On average how many days a week do you walk to or from school?

Local

(n = 106)

State

(n = 4,868)

a. Never	50.0%	(± 9.5%)	62.0%	(± 4.8%)
b. 1–2	18.9	(± 7.4)	13.7	(± 1.6)
c. 3–4	12.3	(± 6.3)	6.0	(± 1.2)
d. I walk every day	18.9	(± 7.4)	18.3	(± 2.9)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

73. On average how many days a week do you ride a bicycle to or from school?

Local

(n = 106)

State

(n = 4,872)

a. Never	92.5%	(± 5.0%)	92.8%	(± 1.1%)
b. 1–2	1.9	(± 2.6)	3.6	(± 0.5)
c. 3–4	1.9	(± 2.6)	1.7	(± 0.5)
d. I bike every day	3.8	(± 3.6)	2.0	(± 0.4)

74. On an average school day, how many hours do you watch TV, including videos and DVDs?

Local

(n = 106)

State

(n = 4,882)

a. I do not watch TV on an average school day	8.5%	(± 5.3%)	11.5%	(± 1.1%)
b. Less than 1 hour per day	19.8	(± 7.6)	19.9	(± 1.5)
c. 1 hour per day	20.8	(± 7.7)	18.0	(± 1.2)
d. 2 hours per day	18.9	(± 7.4)	22.2	(± 1.5)
e. 3 hours per day	17.0	(± 7.2)	14.3	(± 1.3)
f. 4 hours per day	4.7	(± 4.0)	6.1	(± 0.7)
g. 5 or more hours per day	10.4	(± 5.8)	8.1	(± 1.1)

75. On an average school day, how many hours do you play video games or use a computer for fun? (Include activities such as Nintendo, Game Boy, Play Station, computer games, and the Internet.)

Local

(n = 106)

State

(n = 4,883)

a. I do not play video games or use a computer for fun on an average school day	13.2%	(± 6.4%)	18.4%	(± 1.4%)
b. Less than 1 hour per day	21.7	(± 7.8)	26.2	(± 1.7)
c. 1 hour per day	19.8	(± 7.6)	19.3	(± 1.3)
d. 2 hours per day	20.8	(± 7.7)	15.4	(± 1.3)
e. 3 hours per day	10.4	(± 5.8)	9.0	(± 0.9)
f. 4 hours per day	7.6	(± 5.0)	4.5	(± 0.6)
g. 5 or more hours per day	6.6	(± 4.7)	7.3	(± 1.0)

76. In an average week when you are in school, on how many days do you go to physical education (PE) classes?

Local

(n = 106)

State

(n = 4,850)

a. 0 days	2.8%	(± 3.2%)	25.7%	(± 6.2%)
b. 1 day	0.9	(± 1.8)	1.0	(± 0.3)
c. 2 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	2.3	(± 1.1)
d. 3 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	7.1	(± 4.8)
e. 4 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	3.8	(± 3.5)
f. 5 days	96.2	(± 3.6)	60.1	(± 7.9)

77. During an average PE class, how many minutes do you spend actually exercising or playing sports?

Local

(n = 106)

State

(n = 4,849)

a. I do not take PE	2.8%	(± 3.2%)	23.1%	(± 5.7%)
b. Less than 10 minutes	0.0	(± 0.0)	2.0	(± 0.5)
c. 10–20 minutes	8.5	(± 5.3)	6.8	(± 0.9)
d. 21–30 minutes	34.0	(± 9.0)	12.0	(± 1.9)
e. 31–40 minutes	27.4	(± 8.5)	17.4	(± 2.1)
f. 41–50 minutes	25.5	(± 8.3)	19.9	(± 2.5)
g. 51–60 minutes	0.9	(± 1.8)	10.9	(± 1.9)
h. More than 60 minutes	0.9	(± 1.8)	8.0	(± 2.2)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

78. During the average week, on how many days do you participate in supervised after-school activities either at school or away from school? Include activities such as sports, art, music, dance, drama, or community service, religious, or club activities.

Local

(n = 208)

State

(n = 9,447)

a. 0 days	36.1%	(± 6.5%)	34.0%	(± 2.1%)
b. 1–2 days	25.0	(± 5.9)	22.6	(± 1.3)
c. 3 or more days	38.9	(± 6.6)	43.4	(± 2.4)

Health Conditions and Health Care

79. Has a doctor or nurse ever told you that you have asthma?
Local

(n = 105)

State

(n = 4,830)

a. Yes	10.5%	(± 5.9%)	18.8%	(± 1.2%)
b. No	82.9	(± 7.2)	71.6	(± 1.5)
c. Not sure	6.7	(± 4.8)	9.5	(± 0.9)

80. Do you still have asthma?

Local

(n = 105)

State

(n = 4,823)

a. I have never had asthma	73.3%	(± 8.5%)	64.0%	(± 1.6%)
b. Yes	4.8	(± 4.1)	12.3	(± 0.8)
c. No	17.1	(± 7.2)	12.2	(± 1.1)
d. Not sure	4.8	(± 4.1)	11.6	(± 1.0)

81. RESCUE inhalers are asthma medicine that you breath in through your mouth that gives you QUICK relief from asthma symptoms. They are PRESCRIBED by a doctor. During the past 4 weeks, about how many days per week on average did you use a rescue inhaler?^†

Local

(n = 84)

State

(n = 3,252)

a. Never	96.4%	(± 4.0%)	90.4%	(± 1.1%)
b. 1 or 2 days per week	2.4	(± 3.3)	4.5	(± 0.8)
c. 3 to 6 days per week	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.8	(± 0.5)
d. Every day, once per day	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.7	(± 0.2)
e. Every day, twice or more per day	1.2	(± 2.3)	0.7	(± 0.3)
f. I’m not sure	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.9	(± 0.6)

82. During the past 12 months, how many times did you visit an emergency room or urgent care center because of your asthma?^†

Local

(n = 85)

State

(n = 3,279)

a. I do not have asthma	92.9%	(± 5.4%)	78.8%	(± 1.5%)
b. None	5.9	(± 5.0)	15.8	(± 1.1)
c. 1 to 3 times	1.2	(± 2.3)	2.5	(± 0.5)
d. 4 to 9 times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.2)
e. 10 to 12 times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.2)
f. More than 12 times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.3	(± 0.2)
g. I don’t know	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.8	(± 0.5)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

83. During the past 12 months, how many days did you stay out of school or stay away from your usual activities because of your asthma?^†

Local

(n = 83)

State

(n = 3,261)

a. I do not have asthma	92.8%	(± 5.6%)	80.0%	(± 1.4%)
b. None	6.0	(± 5.1)	15.0	(± 1.1)
c. 1 to 2 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.9	(± 0.5)
d. 3 to 4 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.3)
e. 5 to 10 days	1.2	(± 2.4)	0.5	(± 0.3)
f. More than 10 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.5	(± 0.2)
g. I don’t know	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.2	(± 0.4)

84. Symptoms of asthma include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness when you don't have a cold or the flu. During the past 4 weeks, about how many days per week on average did you have any symptoms of asthma?^†

Local

(n = 83)

State

(n = 3,247)

a. Never	81.9%	(± 8.3%)	79.7%	(± 1.4%)
b. 1 or 2 days per week	13.3	(± 7.3)	9.8	(± 1.0)
c. 3 to 6 days per week	0.0	(± 0.0)	4.0	(± 0.7)
d. Every day, but not throughout the day	1.2	(± 2.4)	1.9	(± 0.5)
e. Every day, throughout the day	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.4)
f. I’m not sure	3.6	(± 4.0)	3.7	(± 0.7)

[Item 85 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

86. Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have diabetes?

Local

(n = 88)

State

(n = 4,062)

a. No	96.6%	(± 3.8%)	93.2%	(± 0.9%)
b. Yes	1.1	(± 2.2)	3.6	(± 0.7)
c. I don’t know	2.3	(± 3.1)	3.3	(± 0.6)

87. When was the last time you saw a doctor or health care provider for a check-up or physical exam when you were not sick or injured?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,807)

a. During the past 12 months	65.4%	(± 9.2%)	61.8%	(± 2.1%)
b. Between 12 and 24 months ago	12.5	(± 6.4)	14.8	(± 1.2)
c. More than 24 months ago	2.9	(± 3.2)	4.1	(± 0.6)
d. Never	2.9	(± 3.2)	3.0	(± 0.5)
e. Not sure	16.4	(± 7.1)	16.4	(± 1.5)

88. When was the last time you saw a dentist for a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,808)

a. During the past 12 months	80.8%	(± 7.6%)	75.3%	(± 2.3%)
b. Between 12 and 24 months ago	6.7	(± 4.8)	8.9	(± 1.0)
c. More than 24 months ago	3.9	(± 3.7)	4.9	(± 0.7)
d. Never	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.6	(± 0.4)
e. Not sure	8.7	(± 5.4)	9.3	(± 1.3)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Sexual Behavior

89. Have you ever had sexual intercourse?^†
Local

(n = 0)

State

(n = 930)

a. Yes	.%	*(± .%)*	16.8%	(± 3.0%)
b. No	*.*	*(± .)*	83.2	(± 3.0)

90. How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the first time?^†

Local

(n = 0)

State

(n = 921)

a. I have never had sexual intercourse	.%	*(± .%)*	86.5%	(± 3.1%)
b. 11 years old or younger	*.*	*(± .)*	3.2	(± 1.2)
c. 12 years old	*.*	*(± .)*	3.9	(± 1.3)
d. 13 years old	*.*	*(± .)*	4.9	(± 2.2)
e. 14 years old	*.*	*(± .)*	0.9	(± 0.8)
f. 15 years old	*.*	*(± .)*	0.1	(± 0.2)
g. 16 years old	*.*	*(± .)*	0.1	(± 0.2)
h. 17 years old or older	*.*	*(± .)*	0.4	(± 0.4)

91. With how many people have you ever had sexual intercourse?^†

Local

(n = 0)

State

(n = 919)

a. I have never had sexual intercourse	.%	*(± .%)*	86.7%	(± 2.7%)
b. 1 person	*.*	*(± .)*	5.3	(± 1.4)
c. 2 people	*.*	*(± .)*	2.2	(± 0.7)
d. 3 people	*.*	*(± .)*	1.9	(± 1.2)
e. 4 people	*.*	*(± .)*	0.7	(± 0.6)
f. 5 people	*.*	*(± .)*	0.2	(± 0.3)
g. 6 or more people	*.*	*(± .)*	3.1	(± 1.3)

92. The last time you had sexual intercourse, did you or your partner use a condom?^†

Local

(n = 0)

State

(n = 914)

a. I have never had sexual intercourse	.%	*(± .%)*	85.9%	(± 3.2%)
b. Yes	*.*	*(± .)*	8.2	(± 1.9)
c. No	*.*	*(± .)*	5.9	(± 1.8)

Safety
93. When you rode a bicycle during the past 12 months, how often did you wear a helmet?
Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,993)

a. I did not ride a bicycle in the past 12 months	19.3%	(± 7.4%)	16.7%	(± 1.7%)
b. Never wore a helmet	29.4	(± 8.5)	39.2	(± 3.2)
c. Rarely wore a helmet	17.4	(± 7.1)	12.0	(± 1.1)
d. Sometimes wore a helmet	3.7	(± 3.5)	8.7	(± 0.9)
e. Most of the time wore a helmet	11.9	(± 6.1)	9.7	(± 1.5)
f. Always wore a helmet	18.4	(± 7.3)	13.7	(± 2.5)

[Item 94 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

95. How often do you wear a life vest when you’re in a small boat like a canoe, raft, or small motorboat?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 5,001)

a. Never go boating in a small boat	25.7%	(± 8.2%)	26.6%	(± 2.7%)
b. Never	4.6	(± 3.9)	9.0	(± 1.2)
c. Less than half the time	4.6	(± 3.9)	6.5	(± 0.9)
d. About half the time	9.2	(± 5.4)	7.1	(± 0.8)
e. More than half the time	15.6	(± 6.8)	12.0	(± 1.3)
f. Always	40.4	(± 9.2)	38.8	(± 2.5)

96. How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car (driven by someone else)^B?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 5,002)

a. Never	0.9%	(± 1.8%)	1.8%	(± 0.5%)
b. Rarely	3.7	(± 3.5)	2.2	(± 0.4)
c. Sometimes	2.8	(± 3.1)	5.6	(± 0.8)
d. Most of the time	14.7	(± 6.6)	18.8	(± 1.2)
e. Always	78.0	(± 7.8)	71.6	(± 1.8)

97. During the past 30 days, how many times did you ride in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol?

Local

(n = 206)

State

(n = 9,260)

a. 0 times	83.5%	(± 5.1%)	81.9%	(± 1.3%)
b. 1 time	6.8	(± 3.4)	8.6	(± 0.6)
c. 2–3 times	5.3	(± 3.1)	5.4	(± 0.7)
d. 4–5 times	1.5	(± 1.6)	1.3	(± 0.2)
e. 6 or more times	2.9	(± 2.3)	2.9	(± 0.4)

[Item 98 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

99. During the past 30 days, how many times did you drive a car or other vehicle when you had been drinking alcohol?

Local

(n = 204)

State

(n = 9,203)

a. 0 times	97.1%	(± 2.3%)	95.9%	(± 0.6%)
b. 1 time	1.0	(± 1.4)	2.0	(± 0.4)
c. 2–3 times	1.5	(± 1.6)	1.0	(± 0.3)
d. 4–5 times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.1)
e. 6 or more times	0.5	(± 1.0)	0.8	(± 0.2)

Behaviors Related to Intentional Injuries
100. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club for self-protection or because you thought you might need it in a fight? (Do NOT include carrying a weapon for hunting, fishing, or camping.)
Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 5,001)

a. 0 days	88.1%	(± 6.1%)	88.8%	(± 0.9%)
b. 1 day	1.8	(± 2.5)	4.5	(± 0.6)
c. 2–3 days	3.7	(± 3.5)	2.2	(± 0.4)
d. 4–5 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.7	(± 0.2)
e. 6 or more days	6.4	(± 4.6)	3.8	(± 0.5)

[Item 101 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

102. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?

Local

(n = 221)

State

(n = 9,931)

a. 0 days	96.4%	(± 2.5%)	94.8%	(± 0.6%)
b. 1–5 days	2.7	(± 2.1)	3.7	(± 0.5)
c. 6 or more days	0.9	(± 1.3)	1.6	(± 0.2)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

103. During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight?

Local

(n = 220)

State

(n = 9,840)

a. 0 times	68.2%	(± 6.2%)	66.4%	(± 1.7%)
b. 1 time	16.4	(± 4.9)	15.5	(± 0.8)
c. 2–3 times	9.1	(± 3.8)	10.2	(± 0.8)
d. 4–5 times	3.6	(± 2.5)	2.6	(± 0.4)
e. 6 or more times	2.7	(± 2.2)	5.3	(± 0.5)

104. During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight on school property?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,993)

a. 0 times	85.3%	(± 6.6%)	85.6%	(± 1.3%)
b. 1 time	11.9	(± 6.1)	9.0	(± 0.9)
c. 2–3 times	2.8	(± 3.1)	3.6	(± 0.6)
d. 4–5 times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.8	(± 0.2)
e. 6 or more times	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.0	(± 0.3)

105. During the past 12 months, have you been a member of a gang?

Local

(n = 214)

State

(n = 9,481)

a. No	93.9%	(± 3.2%)	93.5%	(± 0.7%)
b. Yes	6.1	(± 3.2)	6.5	(± 0.7)

106. During the past 12 months, did your boyfriend or girlfriend ever limit your activities, threaten you, or make you feel unsafe in any other way?^†

Local

(n = 84)

State

(n = 3,334)

a. No	97.6%	(± 3.3%)	93.9%	(± 0.8%)
b. Yes	2.4	(± 3.3)	6.2	(± 0.8)

107. In the past 12 months, have you had any injuries such as bruises, cuts, black eyes, or broken bones as a result of being hurt by a boyfriend or girlfriend?^†

Local

(n = 85)

State

(n = 3,305)

a. No	95.3%	(± 4.5%)	94.1%	(± 0.8%)
b. Yes	4.7	(± 4.5)	5.9	(± 0.8)

108. Have you ever been physically abused by an adult?^†

Local

(n = 81)

State

(n = 3,298)

a. No	82.7%	(± 8.2%)	84.5%	(± 1.3%)
b. Yes	17.3	(± 8.2)	15.6	(± 1.3)

109. Not counting TV, movies, video games, and sporting events, have you seen an adult hit, slap, punch, shove, kick, or otherwise physically hurt another adult more than one time?^†

Local

(n = 82)

State

(n = 3,299)

a. No	76.8%	(± 9.1%)	74.3%	(± 1.9%)
b. Yes	23.2	(± 9.1)	25.7	(± 1.9)

Depression
110. During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing some usual activities?
Local

(n = 204)

State

(n = 9,023)

a. Yes	23.5%	(± 5.8%)	24.9%	(± 1.5%)
b. No	76.5	(± 5.8)	75.1	(± 1.5)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

111. During the past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide?

Local

(n = 203)

State

(n = 8,988)

a. Yes	10.8%	(± 4.3%)	14.4%	(± 1.0%)
b. No	89.2	(± 4.3)	85.7	(± 1.0)

112. During the past 12 months, did you make a plan about how you would attempt suicide?

Local

(n = 108)

State

(n = 4,985)

a. Yes	11.1%	(± 5.9%)	10.0%	(± 0.8%)
b. No	88.9	(± 5.9)	90.0	(± 0.8)

113. During the past 12 months, how many times did you actually attempt suicide?

Local

(n = 108)

State

(n = 4,980)

a. 0 times	94.4%	(± 4.3%)	92.9%	(± 0.8%)
b. 1 time	4.6	(± 4.0)	4.0	(± 0.7)
c. 2–3 times	0.9	(± 1.8)	1.9	(± 0.4)
d. 4–5 times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.2)
e. 6 or more times	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.8	(± 0.2)

[Items 114–115 appear only on the elementary version of the survey.]

116. When you feel sad or hopeless, are there adults you can turn to for help?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,964)

a. I never feel sad or hopeless	29.4%	(± 8.5%)	25.2%	(± 1.3%)
b. Yes	39.5	(± 9.2)	45.9	(± 1.6)
c. No	18.4	(± 7.3)	12.8	(± 1.1)
d. Not sure	12.8	(± 6.3)	16.1	(± 0.9)

117. How likely would you be to seek help if you were feeling depressed or suicidal?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,757)

a. I never feel depressed or suicidal	44.2%	(± 9.5%)	54.5%	(± 1.8%)
b. Very likely	16.4	(± 7.1)	13.6	(± 1.0)
c. Somewhat likely	8.7	(± 5.4)	11.8	(± 1.0)
d. Somewhat unlikely	10.6	(± 5.9)	7.8	(± 0.8)
e. Very unlikely	20.2	(± 7.7)	12.3	(± 1.0)

118. How likely would you be to seek help for a friend who you thought might be depressed or suicidal?

Local

(n = 103)

State

(n = 4,693)

a. Very likely	63.1%	(± 9.3%)	58.8%	(± 1.5%)
b. Somewhat likely	18.5	(± 7.5)	20.6	(± 1.2)
c. Somewhat unlikely	5.8	(± 4.5)	6.5	(± 0.8)
d. Very unlikely	12.6	(± 6.4)	14.0	(± 1.7)

119. Last year in school, did you hear or see information at your school about the warning signs of suicide and how to get help for yourself or a friend?

Local

(n = 97)

State

(n = 4,563)

a. Very likely	29.9%	(± 9.1%)	40.3%	(± 5.2%)
b. Somewhat likely	46.4	(± 9.9)	41.7	(± 4.6)
c. Somewhat unlikely	23.7	(± 8.5)	18.0	(± 1.9)
d. Very unlikely	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Gambling
120. In the past 12 months, how often have you gambled (bet) for money or possessions?
Local

(n = 97)

State

(n = 4,248)

a. Never in the past year	76.3%	(± 8.5%)	73.9%	(± 1.7%)
b. Once or twice in the past year	15.5	(± 7.2)	14.1	(± 1.1)
c. A few times in the past year	7.2	(± 5.2)	7.2	(± 0.9)
d. Once or twice a month	0.0	(± 0.0)	2.5	(± 0.5)
e. At least once a week	1.0	(± 2.0)	2.2	(± 0.5)

121. Has YOUR gambling ever caused you problems at home, school or with your friends?

Local

(n = 97)

State

(n = 4,222)

a. I have not gambled	76.3%	(± 8.5%)	73.0%	(± 1.8%)
b. Yes	2.1	(± 2.8)	3.3	(± 0.6)
c. No	21.7	(± 8.2)	23.6	(± 1.7)

School Climate

In the past few years Washington State has given increased attention to supportive learning environments. Students need a safe, nurturing, healthy, and civil learning environment if they are to be successful in school. This section provides information about student perceptions of school climate.

122. A student is being bullied when another student, or group of students, say or do nasty or unpleasant things to him or her. It is also bullying when a student is teased repeatedly in a way he or she doesn’t like. It is NOT bullying when two students of about the same strength argue or fight. In the last 30 days, how often have you been bullied?
Local

(n = 212)

State

(n = 9,435)

a. I have not been bullied	77.4%	(± 5.6%)	70.1%	(± 1.2%)
b. Once	12.3	(± 4.4)	12.8	(± 0.8)
c. 2–3 times	4.7	(± 2.9)	8.5	(± 0.7)
d. About once a week	0.5	(± 0.9)	3.2	(± 0.4)
e. Several times a week	5.2	(± 3.0)	5.4	(± 0.5)

123. In the past 30 days, how often were you bullied, harassed, or intimidated at school or on your way to or from school because of your race, ethnicity, or national origin or what someone thought it was?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,760)

a. 0 times	87.5%	(± 6.4%)	84.9%	(± 1.5%)
b. 1 time	3.9	(± 3.7)	6.9	(± 0.9)
c. 2 or 3 times	5.8	(± 4.5)	4.4	(± 0.7)
d. About once a week	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.3	(± 0.4)
e. Several times a week or more	2.9	(± 3.2)	2.6	(± 0.5)

124. In the past 30 days, how often were you bullied, harassed, or intimidated at school or on your way to or from school because your religion or what someone thought it was?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,752)

a. 0 times	88.5%	(± 6.1%)	89.6%	(± 1.0%)
b. 1 time	5.8	(± 4.5)	6.0	(± 0.7)
c. 2 or 3 times	3.9	(± 3.7)	2.3	(± 0.4)
d. About once a week	1.9	(± 2.6)	0.9	(± 0.3)
e. Several times a week or more	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.2	(± 0.3)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

125. In the past 30 days, how often were you bullied, harassed, or intimidated at school or on your way to or from school because someone thought you were gay, lesbian or bisexual (whether you are or are not)?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,739)

a. 0 times	93.3%	(± 4.8%)	86.9%	(± 1.1%)
b. 1 time	3.9	(± 3.7)	5.9	(± 0.7)
c. 2 or 3 times	1.9	(± 2.6)	3.7	(± 0.5)
d. About once a week	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.1	(± 0.3)
e. Several times a week or more	1.0	(± 1.9)	2.5	(± 0.5)

126. In the past 30 days, how often were you bullied, harassed, or intimidated at school or on your way to or from school because of your gender (being male or female)? This includes sexual jokes, gestures, or comments that make you feel uncomfortable.

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,733)

a. 0 times	84.6%	(± 6.9%)	80.1%	(± 1.3%)
b. 1 time	8.7	(± 5.4)	8.5	(± 0.7)
c. 2 or 3 times	4.8	(± 4.1)	5.7	(± 0.8)
d. About once a week	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.9	(± 0.4)
e. Several times a week or more	1.0	(± 1.9)	3.8	(± 0.6)

127. In the past 30 days, how often were you bullied, harassed, or intimidated at school or on your way to or from school because you have a health problem or physical or mental disability, or because someone thought you did?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,726)

a. 0 times	95.2%	(± 4.1%)	90.5%	(± 0.8%)
b. 1 time	1.9	(± 2.6)	4.5	(± 0.7)
c. 2 or 3 times	1.9	(± 2.6)	2.3	(± 0.4)
d. About once a week	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.8	(± 0.3)
e. Several times a week or more	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.9	(± 0.4)

128. In the past 30 days, how often were you bullied, harassed, or intimidated at school or on your way to or from school because of any other reason?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,717)

a. 0 times	87.5%	(± 6.4%)	74.6%	(± 1.5%)
b. 1 time	5.8	(± 4.5)	9.9	(± 0.9)
c. 2 or 3 times	2.9	(± 3.2)	7.4	(± 0.8)
d. About once a week	0.0	(± 0.0)	3.0	(± 0.5)
e. Several times a week or more	3.9	(± 3.7)	5.2	(± 0.5)

129. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you not go to school because you felt you would be unsafe at school or on your way to and from school?

Local

(n = 97)

State

(n = 4,509)

a. 0 days	99.0%	(± 2.0%)	92.7%	(± 0.9%)
b. 1 day	0.0	(± 0.0)	3.7	(± 0.6)
c. 2 or 3 days	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.7	(± 0.4)
d. 4 or 5 days	1.0	(± 2.0)	0.8	(± 0.2)
e. 6 or more days	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.1	(± 0.3)

130. In the past 30 days, has someone used the computer or a cell phone to bully, harass or intimidate you?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,712)

a. Yes	7.7%	(± 5.1%)	10.9%	(± 0.8%)
b. No	89.4	(± 5.9)	81.8	(± 1.2)
c. I’m not sure	2.9	(± 3.2)	7.3	(± 1.0)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

131. Does your school provide a counselor, intervention specialist, or other school staff member for students to discuss problems with alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs?

Local

(n = 203)

State

(n = 9,230)

a. No	5.9%	(± 3.3%)	10.4%	(± 1.0%)
b. Yes	73.9	(± 6.0)	63.9	(± 2.2)
c. I’m not sure	20.2	(± 5.5)	25.7	(± 1.9)

132. My school will punish students who are caught using drugs or alcohol.

Local

(n = 107)

State

(n = 4,680)

a. NO!	1.9%	(± 2.6%)	4.3%	(± 0.7%)
b. no	3.7	(± 3.6)	4.6	(± 0.6)
c. yes	29.0	(± 8.6)	26.3	(± 1.7)
d. YES!	65.4	(± 9.0)	64.9	(± 2.0)

133. Last year in school, were you taught about HIV or AIDS infection?

Local

(n = 97)

State

(n = 4,606)

a. Yes	92.8%	(± 5.2%)	77.3%	(± 5.6%)
b. No	5.2	(± 4.4)	15.6	(± 4.4)
c. I’m not sure	2.1	(± 2.8)	7.1	(± 1.5)

134. Last year in school, were you taught about abstinence (not having sex) to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and pregnancy?^†

Local

(n = 84)

State

(n = 3,291)

a. Yes	83.3%	(± 8.0%)	72.0%	(± 5.1%)
b. No	11.9	(± 6.9)	16.2	(± 3.6)
c. I don’t know	4.8	(± 4.5)	11.8	(± 1.9)

135. Last year in school, were you taught about ways other than abstinence to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and pregnancy?^†

Local

(n = 81)

State

(n = 3,246)

a. Yes	79.0%	(± 8.9%)	66.9%	(± 5.0%)
b. No	12.4	(± 7.2)	16.8	(± 3.7)
c. I don’t know	8.6	(± 6.1)	16.4	(± 1.9)

Quality of Life

Health-related quality of life is an individual’s or group’s perceived physical and mental health over time. At the individual level it involves a person’s health and health-related conditions; at the community level it involves conditions that influence people’s health. This section contains the results of the items related to individual quality of life.

136. Youth Quality of Life (Computed from items 137–142.)
Local

(n = 91)

State

(n = 4,234)

a. Low	18.7%	(± 8.0%)	23.2%	(± 1.7%)
b. Medium low	22.0	(± 8.5)	20.4	(± 1.3)
c. Medium high	23.1	(± 8.7)	21.3	(± 1.4)
d. High	36.3	(± 9.9)	35.1	(± 2.1)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

137. I feel I am getting along with my parents or guardians.

Local

(n = 94)

State

(n = 4,367)

a. 0 not at all true	2.1%	(± 2.9%)	4.8%	(± 0.7%)
b. 1	2.1	(± 2.9)	1.9	(± 0.4)
c. 2	3.2	(± 3.5)	2.3	(± 0.5)
d. 3	1.1	(± 2.1)	3.1	(± 0.5)
e. 4	1.1	(± 2.1)	3.4	(± 0.5)
f. 5	8.5	(± 5.6)	6.7	(± 0.8)
g. 6	5.3	(± 4.5)	4.4	(± 0.6)
h. 7	13.8	(± 7.0)	8.9	(± 0.6)
i. 8	11.7	(± 6.5)	12.8	(± 1.0)
j. 9	18.1	(± 7.8)	15.6	(± 1.3)
k. 10 completely true	33.0	(± 9.5)	36.2	(± 1.9)

138. I look forward to the future.

Local

(n = 92)

State

(n = 4,341)

a. 0 not at all true	5.4%	(± 4.6%)	3.7%	(± 0.6%)
b. 1	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.5	(± 0.3)
c. 2	1.1	(± 2.1)	1.4	(± 0.3)
d. 3	1.1	(± 2.1)	1.5	(± 0.3)
e. 4	2.2	(± 3.0)	2.1	(± 0.4)
f. 5	3.3	(± 3.6)	6.0	(± 0.8)
g. 6	1.1	(± 2.1)	3.2	(± 0.6)
h. 7	3.3	(± 3.6)	7.0	(± 0.9)
i. 8	14.1	(± 7.1)	9.8	(± 1.1)
j. 9	15.2	(± 7.3)	12.2	(± 0.9)
k. 10 completely true	53.3	(± 10.2)	51.6	(± 2.0)

139. I feel good about myself.

Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 4,325)

a. 0 not at all true	3.2%	(± 3.6%)	3.8%	(± 0.5%)
b. 1	1.1	(± 2.1)	2.1	(± 0.4)
c. 2	4.3	(± 4.1)	2.1	(± 0.4)
d. 3	1.1	(± 2.1)	3.4	(± 0.5)
e. 4	2.2	(± 2.9)	4.0	(± 0.6)
f. 5	10.8	(± 6.3)	6.4	(± 0.7)
g. 6	5.4	(± 4.6)	5.3	(± 0.8)
h. 7	5.4	(± 4.6)	8.7	(± 0.8)
i. 8	16.1	(± 7.5)	12.2	(± 1.0)
j. 9	19.4	(± 8.0)	16.2	(± 1.5)
k. 10 completely true	31.2	(± 9.4)	35.8	(± 1.9)

140. I am satisfied with the way my life is now.

Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 4,319)

a. 0 not at all true	6.5%	(± 5.0%)	6.4%	(± 0.9%)
b. 1	0.0	(± 0.0)	3.0	(± 0.6)
c. 2	1.1	(± 2.1)	2.7	(± 0.5)
d. 3	1.1	(± 2.1)	3.6	(± 0.6)
e. 4	4.3	(± 4.1)	3.6	(± 0.5)
f. 5	4.3	(± 4.1)	7.5	(± 0.8)
g. 6	6.5	(± 5.0)	5.8	(± 0.8)
h. 7	8.6	(± 5.7)	8.6	(± 0.8)
i. 8	12.9	(± 6.8)	11.8	(± 1.1)
j. 9	22.6	(± 8.5)	14.6	(± 1.2)
k. 10 completely true	32.3	(± 9.5)	32.4	(± 1.6)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

141. I feel alone in my life.

Local

(n = 92)

State

(n = 4,283)

a. 0 not at all true	50.0%	(± 10.2%)	52.3%	(± 2.0%)
b. 1	13.0	(± 6.9)	10.3	(± 0.9)
c. 2	4.4	(± 4.2)	6.3	(± 0.8)
d. 3	0.0	(± 0.0)	4.0	(± 0.6)
e. 4	2.2	(± 3.0)	3.1	(± 0.6)
f. 5	7.6	(± 5.4)	4.2	(± 0.8)
g. 6	5.4	(± 4.6)	3.0	(± 0.5)
h. 7	4.4	(± 4.2)	3.9	(± 0.6)
i. 8	5.4	(± 4.6)	4.3	(± 0.6)
j. 9	3.3	(± 3.6)	3.6	(± 0.6)
k. 10 completely true	4.4	(± 4.2)	5.1	(± 0.6)

142. Compared with others my age, my life is

Local

(n = 92)

State

(n = 4,258)

a. 0 much worse than others	5.4%	(± 4.6%)	4.7%	(± 0.6%)
b. 1	1.1	(± 2.1)	1.4	(± 0.4)
c. 2	1.1	(± 2.1)	2.8	(± 0.5)
d. 3	1.1	(± 2.1)	4.0	(± 0.7)
e. 4	3.3	(± 3.6)	5.3	(± 0.6)
f. 5	16.3	(± 7.5)	16.2	(± 1.0)
g. 6	4.4	(± 4.2)	7.4	(± 0.7)
h. 7	14.1	(± 7.1)	12.9	(± 1.1)
i. 8	26.1	(± 9.0)	14.8	(± 1.1)
j. 9	8.7	(± 5.8)	10.9	(± 0.9)
k. 10 much better than others	18.5	(± 7.9)	19.6	(± 1.2)

143. Which of the following best describes where you currently live? (Choose only one answer.)

Local

(n = 101)

State

(n = 4,679)

a. My parent’s or guardian’s home	95.1%	(± 4.2%)	96.0%	(± 0.6%)
b. With friends or other families (because lost home or cannot afford housing)	3.0	(± 3.3)	1.4	(± 0.3)
c. On your own (because lost home or cannot afford housing)	1.0	(± 1.9)	0.7	(± 0.2)
d. Motel or hotel	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.2)
e. Shelter (shelter or emergency/transitional housing)	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)
f. Car, park, campground, or other public place	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.3	(± 0.2)
g. Waiting to be placed in foster care	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.2	(± 0.1)
h. Another place	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.0	(± 0.3)

144. Has your parent or guardian served in the military (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard, National Guard, and Reserves)?

Local

(n = 101)

State

(n = 4,681)

a. No	69.3%	(± 9.0%)	66.1%	(± 2.9%)
b. Yes	24.8	(± 8.4)	28.5	(± 3.0)
c. Not sure	5.9	(± 4.6)	5.4	(± 0.7)

145. Has your military parent or guardian been sent to Iraq, Afghanistan, or other combat zone?

Local

(n = 102)

State

(n = 4,653)

a. I do not have a parent or guardian who has ever served in the military	68.6%	(± 9.0%)	63.8%	(± 2.8%)
b. No	12.8%	(± 6.5%)	19.1%	(± 1.4%)
c. Yes	10.8	(± 6.0)	8.5	(± 1.8)
d. Not sure	7.8	(± 5.2)	8.6	(± 0.9)

[Item 146 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Risk and Protective Factors

Decades of research have shown that certain risk factors are associated with increased likelihood of health risk behaviors including ATOD use, violence, and delinquent behaviors. Similarly, research has shown that protective factors exert a positive influence against the negative influence of risk factors. The survey included substantial coverage of risk and protective factors based on the work of Drs. Hawkins and Catalano and associates at the University of Washington. The premise of the risk reduction and protective factor enhancement approach to prevention is that preventing a problem before it occurs requires addressing the factors that predict the problem. Ideally, this strategy entails discovering the causes of the problem behavior and influencing those causes. Many of the survey items were used to assess students’ status on risk and protective factors in the community, school, and peer-individual domains. Composite scales were computed for use in local program planning.

The table on the following page provides the complete list of risk and protective factors and indicates the years the Healthy Youth Survey has included each factor.

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Risk and Protective Factor Framework and Reporting Schedule

Healthy Youth Survey Administration Year

1995

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

Community Risk Factors

Low Neighborhood Attachment

X^S

Community Disorganization

Transitions and Mobility

X^S

Perceived Availability of Drugs

Perceived Availability of Handguns

X^S

Laws And Norms Favorable to Drug Use

Community Protective Factors

Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement

X^S

Rewards for Prosocial Involvement

X^E

Family Risk Factors

Family History of Antisocial Behavior

Poor Family Management

X^S, ^†

Family Conflict

Parental Attitudes Favorable towards Drug Use

X^S, ^†

X^S

Parental Attitudes Favorable to Antisocial Behavior

X^S, ^†

Antisocial Behavior Among Familiar Adults

X^S

Family Protective Factors

Attachment

Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement

X ^†

X^E, ^†

X ^†

Rewards for Prosocial Involvement

X ^†

X^E, ^†

X ^†

School Risk Factors

Academic Failure

Low Commitment to School

School Protective Factors

Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement

X^S

Rewards for Prosocial Involvement

Peer-Individual Risk Factors

Rebelliousness

Gang Involvement

Perceived Risk of Drug Use

Early Initiation of Drug Use

X^S

Early Initiation of Antisocial Behavior

X^S

Favorable Attitudes Towards Drug Use

Favorable Attitudes Towards Antisocial Behavior

X^S

Sensation Seeking

Rewards for Antisocial Involvement

X^S

Friends’ Use of Drugs

X^S

Interaction With Antisocial Peers

X^S

Intentions to Use

X^S

Peer-Individual Protective Factors

Interaction With Prosocial Peers

X^S

Belief in the Moral Order

X^S

Prosocial Involvement

X^E

Rewards for Prosocial Involvement

Social Skills

X^S

Religiosity

Note. S = Included only on the secondary version; E = Included only on the elementary version; † = Based on optional items.

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Risk and Protective Factor Scale Results

For each risk factor scale, the percentage of students who are at risk (i.e., who agreed with statements that predict ATOD use or other problem behaviors) is reported; higher percentages indicate that more students are likely to engage in problem behaviors. For each protective factor scale, the percentage of students who are resilient (i.e., who agreed with statements that predict the ability to resist ATOD use or other problem behaviors) is reported; higher percentages indicate that fewer students are likely to engage in problem behaviors. These percentages are based on computational methods provided by the University of Washington’s Social Development Research Group.

Community Risk Factors
Local

State

(n = 114)

(n = 5,025)

Low Neighborhood Attachment (Items 147–149)

34.2%

(± 8.7%)

33.4%

(± 2.3%)

(n = 113)

(n = 4,949)

Perceived Availability of Drugs (Items 150–153)

18.6%

(± 7.2%)

23.4%

(± 2.5%)

(n = 113)

(n = 4,943)

Perceived Availability of Handguns (Item 154)

33.6%

(± 8.7%)

31.0%

(± 2.3%)

(n = 113)

(n = 4,970)

Laws And Norms Favorable to Drug Use (Items 155–160)

24.8%

(± 8.0%)

27.0%

(± 2.5%)

Community Protective Factors	Local	State
	(n = 111)	(n = 4,876)

Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement (Items 161–164)

73.0%

(± 8.3%)

67.8%

(± 3.0%)

Family Risk Factors	Local	State
	(n = 83)	(n = 3,186)

Poor Family Management (Items 168–175)

30.1%

(± 9.9%)

35.4%

(± 2.4%)

(n = 114)

(n = 5,016)

Parental Attitudes Favorable Towards Drug Use

(Items 183–185)

14.9%

(± 6.5%)

21.0%

(± 1.6%)

Family Protective Factors	Local	State
	(n = 84)	(n = 3,261)

Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement (Items 176–178)

65.5%

(± 10.2%)

64.2%

(± 2.3%)

(n = 83)

(n = 3,191)

Rewards for Prosocial Involvement (Items 179–182)

63.9%

(± 10.3%)

62.8%

(± 2.1%)

School Risk Factors	Local	State
	(n = 109)	(n = 4,825)

Academic Failure (Items 186–187)

51.4%

(± 9.4%)

46.5%

(± 2.2%)

(n = 114)

(n = 5,012)

Low Commitment to School (Items 188–194)

43.9%

(± 9.1%)

34.8%

(± 2.2%)

School Protective Factors	Local	State
	(n = 112)	(n = 4,977)

Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement (Items 195–199)

58.9%

(± 9.1%)

63.2%

(± 2.5%)

(n = 113)

(n = 4,957)

Rewards for Prosocial Involvement (Items 200–203)

47.8%

(± 9.2%)

49.8%

(± 2.6%)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Peer-Individual Risk Factors	Local	State
	(n = 105)	(n = 4,592)

Perceived Risk of Drug Use (Items 204–207)

34.3%

(± 9.1%)

37.3%

(± 2.7%)

(n = 105)

(n = 4,595)

Early Initiation of Drug Use (Items 210–211, 213)

10.5%

(± 5.9%)

19.6%

(± 2.4%)

(n = 105)

(n = 4,515)

Early Initiation of Antisocial Behavior (Items 214–217)

31.4%

(± 8.9%)

31.7%

(± 2.6%)

(n = 98)

(n = 4,341)

Favorable Attitudes Towards Drug Use (Items 218–221)

19.4%

(± 7.8%)

23.9%

(± 2.1%)

(n = 99)

(n = 4,403)

Favorable Attitudes Towards Antisocial Behavior (Items 222–226)

33.3%

(± 9.3%)

31.3%

(± 2.3%)

(n = 93)

(n = 4,068)

Friends’ Use of Drugs (Items 228–231)

12.9%

(± 6.8%)

23.5%

(± 2.3%)

(n = 109)

(n = 4,827)

Interaction With Antisocial Peers (Items 232–237)

38.5%

(± 9.1%)

41.9%

(± 3.3%)

(n = 93)

(n = 4,007)

Intentions to Use (Items 238–240)

26.9%

(± 9.0%)

30.6%

(± 2.0%)

Peer-Individual Protective Factors	Local	State
	(n = 94)	(n = 4,104)

Interaction With Prosocial Peers (Items 241–244)

61.7%

(± 9.8%)

56.7%

(± 3.0%)

(n = 112)

(n = 4,860)

Belief in the Moral Order (Items 246–249)

60.7%

(± 9.0%)

64.9%

(± 2.7%)

(n = 90)

(n = 3,913)

Social Skills (Items 253–255)

56.7%

(± 10.2%)

65.4%

(± 2.6%)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Graph of Scale Results

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Risk and Protective Factors: Individual Item Results

The remainder of the report provides results for the individual items used to compute the risk and protective factors.

Community Domain
147. I’d like to get out of my neighborhood or community.
Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 5,009)

a. NO!	33.3%	(± 8.7%)	31.3%	(± 2.3%)
b. no	49.1	(± 9.2)	45.6	(± 1.5)
c. yes	13.2	(± 6.2)	16.0	(± 1.3)
d. YES!	4.4	(± 3.8)	7.0	(± 1.0)

148. If I had to move, I would miss the neighborhood or community I now live in.

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 5,025)

a. NO!	7.9%	(± 5.0%)	7.2%	(± 0.9%)
b. no	21.9	(± 7.6)	18.4	(± 1.4)
c. yes	36.0	(± 8.8)	41.1	(± 1.4)
d. YES!	34.2	(± 8.7)	33.3	(± 2.1)

149. I like my neighborhood/community.

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 5,009)

a. NO!	3.5%	(± 3.4%)	5.1%	(± 0.8%)
b. no	14.0	(± 6.4)	12.6	(± 1.3)
c. yes	53.5	(± 9.2)	55.0	(± 1.9)
d. YES!	29.0	(± 8.3)	27.4	(± 2.6)

150. If you wanted to get some beer, wine, or hard liquor (for example, vodka, whiskey, or gin), how easy would it be for you to get some?

Local

(n = 111)

State

(n = 4,947)

a. Very hard	46.0%	(± 9.3%)	42.5%	(± 2.8%)
b. Sort of hard	25.2	(± 8.1)	24.7	(± 1.6)
c. Sort of easy	16.2	(± 6.9)	18.7	(± 1.4)
d. Very easy	12.6	(± 6.2)	14.1	(± 1.3)

151. If you wanted to get some cigarettes, how easy would it be for you to get some?

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,948)

a. Very hard	50.4%	(± 9.2%)	49.3%	(± 2.7%)
b. Sort of hard	20.4	(± 7.4)	20.7	(± 1.1)
c. Sort of easy	17.7	(± 7.0)	15.5	(± 1.4)
d. Very easy	11.5	(± 5.9)	14.5	(± 1.5)

152. If you wanted to get some marijuana, how easy would it be for you to get some?

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,943)

a. Very hard	65.5%	(± 8.8%)	62.5%	(± 3.3%)
b. Sort of hard	17.7	(± 7.0)	14.8	(± 1.3)
c. Sort of easy	8.9	(± 5.2)	10.2	(± 1.2)
d. Very easy	8.0	(± 5.0)	12.5	(± 1.6)

153. If you wanted to get a drug like cocaine, LSD, or amphetamines, how easy would it be for you to get some?

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,938)

a. Very hard	72.6%	(± 8.2%)	75.2%	(± 2.4%)
b. Sort of hard	18.6	(± 7.2)	14.2	(± 1.6)
c. Sort of easy	5.3	(± 4.1)	6.1	(± 1.0)
d. Very easy	3.5	(± 3.4)	4.6	(± 0.8)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

154. If you wanted to get a handgun, how easy would it be for you to get one?

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,943)

a. Very hard	66.4%	(± 8.7%)	69.0%	(± 2.3%)
b. Sort of hard	15.9	(± 6.7)	17.0	(± 1.4)
c. Sort of easy	11.5	(± 5.9)	7.5	(± 0.9)
d. Very easy	6.2	(± 4.4)	6.5	(± 0.7)

155. How wrong would most adults in your neighborhood^C/ neighborhood or community^A think it was for kids your age to use marijuana?

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 5,005)

a. Very wrong	73.7%	(± 8.1%)	68.7%	(± 2.8%)
b. Wrong	19.3	(± 7.3)	21.2	(± 1.8)
c. A little bit wrong	4.4	(± 3.8)	7.3	(± 1.1)
d. Not wrong at all	2.6	(± 2.9)	2.9	(± 0.5)

156. How wrong would most adults in your neighborhood^C/ neighborhood or community^A think it was for kids your age to drink alcohol?

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 4,993)

a. Very wrong	62.3%	(± 8.9%)	57.3%	(± 2.4%)
b. Wrong	30.7	(± 8.5)	29.2	(± 1.5)
c. A little bit wrong	6.1	(± 4.4)	10.2	(± 1.0)
d. Not wrong at all	0.9	(± 1.7)	3.3	(± 0.6)

157. How wrong would most adults in your neighborhood^C/ neighborhood or community^A think it was for kids your age to smoke cigarettes?

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 4,987)

a. Very wrong	69.3%	(± 8.5%)	62.7%	(± 2.5%)
b. Wrong	24.6	(± 7.9)	25.3	(± 1.5)
c. A little bit wrong	6.1	(± 4.4)	8.7	(± 1.0)
d. Not wrong at all	0.0	(± 0.0)	3.3	(± 0.7)

158. If a kid drank some beer, wine, or hard liquor (for example, vodka, whiskey, or gin) in your neighborhood^C/ community^A would he or she be caught by the police?

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,933)

a. NO!	7.1%	(± 4.7%)	12.7%	(± 1.5%)
b. no	47.8	(± 9.2)	42.1	(± 2.2)
c. yes	35.4	(± 8.8)	32.6	(± 2.1)
d. YES!	9.7	(± 5.5)	12.7	(± 1.7)

159. If a kid carried a handgun in your neighborhood^C/ community^A would he or she be caught by the police?

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,944)

a. NO!	8.9%	(± 5.3%)	8.0%	(± 0.9%)
b. no	17.0	(± 7.0)	19.5	(± 1.4)
c. yes	35.7	(± 8.9)	37.3	(± 1.8)
d. YES!	38.4	(± 9.0)	35.2	(± 2.4)

160. If a kid smoked marijuana in your neighborhood^C/ community^A would he or she be caught by the police?

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,932)

a. NO!	6.3%	(± 4.5%)	11.5%	(± 1.3%)
b. no	40.2	(± 9.1)	33.4	(± 1.8)
c. yes	31.3	(± 8.6)	34.8	(± 1.8)
d. YES!	22.3	(± 7.7)	20.4	(± 2.1)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

161. There are adults in my neighborhood or community I could talk to about something important.

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,997)

a. NO!	12.4%	(± 6.1%)	11.8%	(± 1.1%)
b. no	17.7	(± 7.0)	16.2	(± 1.4)
c. yes	39.8	(± 9.0)	37.7	(± 1.4)
d. YES!	30.1	(± 8.4)	34.3	(± 1.8)

Which of the following activities for people your age are available in your community?
162. Sports teams and recreation
Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,986)

a. Yes	84.8%	(± 6.6%)	83.6%	(± 2.1%)
b. No	15.2	(± 6.6)	16.4	(± 2.1)

163. Scouts, Camp Fire, 4-H Clubs, or other service clubs

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,948)

a. Yes	74.1%	(± 8.1%)	63.8%	(± 3.6%)
b. No	25.9	(± 8.1)	36.2	(± 3.6)

164. Boys and Girls Club, YMCA, or other activity clubs

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,931)

a. Yes	83.9%	(± 6.8%)	72.0%	(± 3.3%)
b. No	16.1	(± 6.8)	28.0	(± 3.3)

[Items 165–167 appear only on the elementary version of the survey.]

Family Domain

The next set of questions asks about your family. When answering these questions, please think about the people you consider to be your family—parents, stepparents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc.
168. My parents ask if I’ve gotten my homework done.^†
Local

(n = 87)

State

(n = 3,345)

a. NO!	2.3%	(± 3.2%)	5.1%	(± 0.7%)
b. no	5.8	(± 4.9)	6.7	(± 0.9)
c. yes	31.0	(± 9.7)	31.2	(± 1.8)
d. YES!	60.9	(± 10.3)	57.1	(± 2.1)

169. Would your parents know if you did not come home on time?^†

Local

(n = 84)

State

(n = 3,195)

a. NO!	2.4%	(± 3.3%)	4.5%	(± 0.7%)
b. no	13.1	(± 7.2)	10.5	(± 1.5)
c. yes	28.6	(± 9.7)	35.0	(± 1.9)
d. YES!	56.0	(± 10.6)	50.0	(± 2.1)

170. When I am not at home, one of my parents knows where I am and who I am with.^†

Local

(n = 87)

State

(n = 3,315)

a. NO!	3.5%	(± 3.8%)	4.0%	(± 0.6%)
b. no	5.8	(± 4.9)	7.2	(± 1.4)
c. yes	27.6	(± 9.4)	34.8	(± 2.0)
d. YES!	63.2	(± 10.1)	54.0	(± 2.4)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

171. The rules in my family are clear.^†

Local

(n = 85)

State

(n = 3,292)

a. NO!	7.1%	(± 5.4%)	4.4%	(± 0.8%)
b. no	4.7	(± 4.5)	8.6	(± 1.1)
c. yes	29.4	(± 9.7)	35.9	(± 1.7)
d. YES!	58.8	(± 10.5)	51.1	(± 1.9)

172. My family has clear rules about alcohol and drug use.^†

Local

(n = 84)

State

(n = 3,265)

a. NO!	7.1%	(± 5.5%)	5.1%	(± 0.8%)
b. no	8.3	(± 5.9)	8.9	(± 1.1)
c. yes	23.8	(± 9.1)	25.4	(± 1.7)
d. YES!	60.7	(± 10.4)	60.6	(± 2.4)

173. If you drank some beer, wine, or liquor (for example, vodka, whiskey, or gin) without your parent’s permission, would you be caught by them?^†

Local

(n = 83)

State

(n = 3,163)

a. NO!	8.4%	(± 6.0%)	8.3%	(± 1.1%)
b. no	13.3	(± 7.3)	18.9	(± 1.8)
c. yes	25.3	(± 9.3)	26.2	(± 1.3)
d. YES!	53.0	(± 10.7)	46.6	(± 2.7)

174. If you carried a handgun without your parent’s permission, would you be caught by them?^†

Local

(n = 82)

State

(n = 3,176)

a. NO!	2.4%	(± 3.3%)	5.1%	(± 0.7%)
b. no	4.9	(± 4.7)	9.7	(± 1.4)
c. yes	22.0	(± 9.0)	24.2	(± 1.6)
d. YES!	70.7	(± 9.8)	61.0	(± 1.9)

175. If you skipped school, would you be caught by your parents?^†

Local

(n = 84)

State

(n = 3,179)

a. NO!	2.4%	(± 3.3%)	4.2%	(± 0.7%)
b. no	7.1	(± 5.5)	8.3	(± 1.3)
c. yes	32.1	(± 10.0)	24.6	(± 1.4)
d. YES!	58.3	(± 10.5)	63.0	(± 1.9)

176. If I had a personal problem, I could ask my mom or dad for help.^†

Local

(n = 87)

State

(n = 3,297)

a. NO!	5.8%	(± 4.9%)	8.7%	(± 0.9%)
b. no	14.9	(± 7.5)	11.1	(± 1.2)
c. yes	27.6	(± 9.4)	35.1	(± 1.9)
d. YES!	51.7	(± 10.5)	45.2	(± 2.4)

177. My parents give me lots of chances to do fun things with them.^†

Local

(n = 84)

State

(n = 3,242)

a. NO!	8.3%	(± 5.9%)	6.9%	(± 0.9%)
b. no	8.3	(± 5.9)	18.0	(± 1.4)
c. yes	38.1	(± 10.4)	37.6	(± 1.6)
d. YES!	45.2	(± 10.6)	37.5	(± 2.0)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

178. My parents ask me what I think before most family decisions affecting me are made.^†

Local

(n = 83)

State

(n = 3,212)

a. NO!	8.4%	(± 6.0%)	11.2%	(± 1.7%)
b. no	22.9	(± 9.0)	21.3	(± 1.5)
c. yes	33.7	(± 10.2)	38.2	(± 1.7)
d. YES!	34.9	(± 10.3)	29.4	(± 2.0)

179. My parents notice when I am doing a good job and let me know about it.^†

Local

(n = 82)

State

(n = 3,214)

a. Never or almost never	9.8%	(± 6.4%)	10.3%	(± 1.2%)
b. Sometimes	23.2	(± 9.1)	24.2	(± 1.5)
c. Often	30.5	(± 10.0)	31.8	(± 1.6)
d. All the time	36.6	(± 10.4)	33.7	(± 2.2)

180. How often do your parents tell you they’re proud of you for something you’ve done?^†

Local

(n = 83)

State

(n = 3,208)

a. Never or almost never	10.8%	(± 6.7%)	9.8%	(± 1.3%)
b. Sometimes	21.7	(± 8.9)	23.2	(± 1.7)
c. Often	24.1	(± 9.2)	31.1	(± 1.6)
d. All the time	43.4	(± 10.7)	35.8	(± 2.1)

181. Do you enjoy spending time with your mom^C/mother^A?^†

Local

(n = 83)

State

(n = 3,179)

a. NO!	4.8%	(± 4.6%)	5.5%	(± 0.9%)
b. no	6.0	(± 5.1)	8.2	(± 1.2)
c. yes	37.4	(± 10.4)	40.3	(± 1.8)
d. YES!	51.8	(± 10.7)	46.1	(± 2.0)

182. Do you enjoy spending time with your dad^C/father^A?^†

Local

(n = 81)

State

(n = 3,149)

a. NO!	7.4%	(± 5.7%)	8.4%	(± 1.0%)
b. no	9.9	(± 6.5)	10.2	(± 1.3)
c. yes	35.8	(± 10.4)	35.7	(± 1.6)
d. YES!	46.9	(± 10.9)	45.7	(± 2.5)

183. How wrong do your parents feel it would be for you to drink beer, wine, or hard liquor (for example: vodka, whiskey, or gin) regularly (at least once or twice a month)?

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 5,020)

a. Very wrong	92.1%	(± 5.0%)	84.6%	(± 1.4%)
b. Wrong	5.3	(± 4.1)	10.5	(± 1.0)
c. A little bit wrong	1.8	(± 2.4)	3.5	(± 0.6)
d. Not wrong at all	0.9	(± 1.7)	1.4	(± 0.3)

184. How wrong do your parents feel it would be for you to smoke cigarettes?

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 5,013)

a. Very wrong	95.6%	(± 3.8%)	89.6%	(± 1.0%)
b. Wrong	3.5	(± 3.4)	7.7	(± 0.8)
c. A little bit wrong	0.9	(± 1.7)	1.7	(± 0.3)
d. Not wrong at all	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.0	(± 0.3)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

185. How wrong do your parents feel it would be for you to smoke marijuana?

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 5,010)

a. Very wrong	89.5%	(± 5.6%)	88.7%	(± 1.3%)
b. Wrong	7.0	(± 4.7)	6.6	(± 0.9)
c. A little bit wrong	3.5	(± 3.4)	3.0	(± 0.5)
d. Not wrong at all	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.8	(± 0.4)

School Domain
186. Putting them all together, what were your grades like last year?
Local

(n = 211)

State

(n = 9,504)

a. Mostly As	40.8%	(± 6.6%)	41.4%	(± 2.9%)
b. Mostly Bs	36.0	(± 6.5)	33.4	(± 1.6)
c. Mostly Cs	15.2	(± 4.8)	17.5	(± 1.7)
d. Mostly Ds	3.8	(± 2.6)	4.3	(± 0.6)
e. Mostly Fs	4.3	(± 2.7)	3.5	(± 0.7)

187. Are your school grades better than the grades of most students in your class?

Local

(n = 110)

State

(n = 4,884)

a. NO!	8.2%	(± 5.1%)	8.4%	(± 1.0%)
b. no	32.7	(± 8.8)	30.4	(± 1.4)
c. yes	45.5	(± 9.3)	46.1	(± 1.6)
d. YES!	13.6	(± 6.4)	15.2	(± 1.4)

188. How often do you feel the schoolwork you are assigned is meaningful and important?

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,900)

a. Almost always	19.6%	(± 7.4%)	23.2%	(± 2.0%)
b. Often	25.0	(± 8.0)	27.7	(± 1.4)
c. Sometimes	33.9	(± 8.8)	32.1	(± 1.7)
d. Seldom	15.2	(± 6.6)	10.9	(± 1.0)
e. Never	6.3	(± 4.5)	6.1	(± 0.7)

189. How interesting are most of your courses to you?

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 4,969)

a. Very interesting and stimulating	6.1%	(± 4.4%)	10.7%	(± 1.7%)
b. Quite interesting	22.8	(± 7.7)	29.6	(± 1.8)
c. Fairly interesting	38.6	(± 8.9)	36.0	(± 1.8)
d. Slightly dull	21.9	(± 7.6)	15.8	(± 1.3)
e. Very dull	10.5	(± 5.6)	7.9	(± 0.9)

190. How important do you think the things you are learning in school are going to be for you later in life?

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 5,002)

a. Very important	33.3%	(± 8.7%)	39.1%	(± 2.7%)
b. Quite important	27.2	(± 8.2)	28.8	(± 1.5)
c. Fairly important	29.0	(± 8.3)	19.5	(± 1.6)
d. Slightly important	8.8	(± 5.2)	9.4	(± 1.0)
e. Not at all important	1.8	(± 2.4)	3.2	(± 0.5)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Think back over the past year in school. How often did you:
191. Enjoy being in school?
Local

(n = 209)

State

(n = 9,550)

a. Never	8.1%	(± 3.7%)	8.4%	(± 0.7%)
b. Seldom	12.4	(± 4.5)	12.3	(± 0.9)
c. Sometimes	27.8	(± 6.1)	30.1	(± 1.3)
d. Often	36.4	(± 6.5)	29.1	(± 1.1)
e. Almost always	15.3	(± 4.9)	20.2	(± 1.5)

192. Hate being in school?

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,994)

a. Never	10.7%	(± 5.7%)	12.9%	(± 1.5%)
b. Seldom	29.5	(± 8.4)	27.1	(± 1.6)
c. Sometimes	33.9	(± 8.8)	37.3	(± 1.9)
d. Often	13.4	(± 6.3)	13.8	(± 1.0)
e. Almost always	12.5	(± 6.1)	8.9	(± 0.8)

193. Try to do your best work in school?

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,995)

a. Never	0.9%	(± 1.7%)	2.4%	(± 0.5%)
b. Seldom	6.3	(± 4.5)	5.3	(± 0.8)
c. Sometimes	16.1	(± 6.8)	13.6	(± 1.4)
d. Often	32.1	(± 8.6)	28.0	(± 1.2)
e. Almost always	44.6	(± 9.2)	50.8	(± 2.6)

194. During the LAST 4 WEEKS, how many whole days of school have you missed because you skipped or “cut”?

Local

(n = 114)

State

(n = 4,997)

a. None	83.3%	(± 6.8%)	81.0%	(± 1.3%)
b. 1	7.0	(± 4.7)	8.2	(± 0.8)
c. 2	4.4	(± 3.8)	4.0	(± 0.5)
d. 3	3.5	(± 3.4)	2.5	(± 0.4)
e. 4–5	0.9	(± 1.7)	2.3	(± 0.5)
f. 6–10	0.9	(± 1.7)	0.8	(± 0.3)
g. 11 or more	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.2	(± 0.3)

195. In my school, students have lots of chances to help decide things like class activities and rules.

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,972)

a. NO!	22.1%	(± 7.6%)	19.6%	(± 2.1%)
b. no	33.6	(± 8.7)	30.3	(± 1.7)
c. yes	37.2	(± 8.9)	39.7	(± 2.0)
d. YES!	7.1	(± 4.7)	10.4	(± 1.4)

196. There are lots of chances for students in my school to talk with a teacher one-on-one.

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,981)

a. NO!	11.5%	(± 5.9%)	6.3%	(± 0.7%)
b. no	15.0	(± 6.6)	15.7	(± 1.2)
c. yes	53.1	(± 9.2)	51.1	(± 1.5)
d. YES!	20.4	(± 7.4)	26.8	(± 2.0)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

197. Teachers ask me to work on special classroom projects.

Local

(n = 110)

State

(n = 4,931)

a. NO!	12.7%	(± 6.2%)	17.8%	(± 1.3%)
b. no	41.8	(± 9.2)	39.6	(± 1.5)
c. yes	37.3	(± 9.0)	33.6	(± 1.7)
d. YES!	8.2	(± 5.1)	9.0	(± 0.9)

198. There are lots of chances for students in my school to get involved in sports, clubs, and other school activities outside of class.

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,982)

a. NO!	5.3%	(± 4.1%)	3.6%	(± 0.6%)
b. no	6.2	(± 4.4)	6.2	(± 1.0)
c. yes	45.1	(± 9.2)	39.6	(± 2.1)
d. YES!	43.4	(± 9.1)	50.6	(± 2.9)

199. I have lots of chances to be part of class discussions or activities.

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,968)

a. NO!	4.4%	(± 3.8%)	5.0%	(± 0.7%)
b. no	11.5	(± 5.9)	12.5	(± 1.2)
c. yes	62.0	(± 9.0)	51.9	(± 1.6)
d. YES!	22.1	(± 7.6)	30.5	(± 2.3)

200. My teacher(s) notices when I am doing a good job and lets me know about it.

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,968)

a. NO!	8.0%	(± 5.0%)	10.7%	(± 1.1%)
b. no	30.1	(± 8.4)	24.3	(± 1.5)
c. yes	42.5	(± 9.1)	47.6	(± 1.8)
d. YES!	19.5	(± 7.3)	17.5	(± 1.6)

201. The school lets my parents know when I have done something well.

Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,954)

a. NO!	27.4%	(± 8.2%)	25.1%	(± 1.9%)
b. no	41.6	(± 9.1)	39.3	(± 1.6)
c. yes	19.5	(± 7.3)	26.1	(± 1.6)
d. YES!	11.5	(± 5.9)	9.5	(± 1.5)

202. I feel safe at my school.

Local

(n = 222)

State

(n = 9,964)

a. NO!^A,C / Definitely NOT true^B	3.2%	(± 2.3%)	6.2%	(± 0.8%)
b. no^A,C / Mostly not true^B	7.7	(± 3.5)	10.8	(± 1.2)
c. yes^A,C / Mostly true^B	57.7	(± 6.5)	52.6	(± 1.8)
d. YES!^A,C / Definitely true^B	31.5	(± 6.1)	30.4	(± 2.9)

203. My teachers praise me when I work hard in school.

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,910)

a. NO!	10.7%	(± 5.7%)	17.1%	(± 1.5%)
b. no	34.8	(± 8.8)	35.0	(± 1.5)
c. yes	41.1	(± 9.1)	37.2	(± 1.8)
d. YES!	13.4	(± 6.3)	10.7	(± 1.2)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

Peer and Individual Domain

How much do you think people risk harming themselves if they:
204. Smoke one or more packs of cigarettes per day?
Local

(n = 113)

State

(n = 4,910)

a. No risk	0.9%	(± 1.7%)	2.7%	(± 0.6%)
b. Slight risk	2.7	(± 3.0)	3.9	(± 0.7)
c. Moderate risk	12.4	(± 6.1)	14.9	(± 1.1)
d. Great risk	80.5	(± 7.3)	72.1	(± 2.3)
e. Not sure	3.5	(± 3.4)	6.3	(± 1.1)

205. Try marijuana once or twice?

Local

(n = 110)

State

(n = 4,888)

a. No risk	12.7%	(± 6.2%)	14.9%	(± 1.5%)
b. Slight risk	26.4	(± 8.2)	24.5	(± 1.5)
c. Moderate risk	23.6	(± 7.9)	23.6	(± 1.4)
d. Great risk	31.8	(± 8.7)	31.0	(± 2.3)
e. Not sure	5.5	(± 4.3)	6.0	(± 1.1)

206. Smoke marijuana regularly (at least once or twice a week)?

Local

(n = 111)

State

(n = 4,887)

a. No risk	2.7%	(± 3.0%)	7.9%	(± 1.1%)
b. Slight risk	9.9	(± 5.6)	8.8	(± 1.0)
c. Moderate risk	17.1	(± 7.0)	17.7	(± 1.4)
d. Great risk	64.0	(± 8.9)	59.1	(± 3.1)
e. Not sure	6.3	(± 4.5)	6.5	(± 1.0)

207. Take one or two drinks of an alcoholic beverage (wine, beer, a shot, liquor) nearly every day?

Local

(n = 110)

State

(n = 4,880)

a. No risk	5.5%	(± 4.3%)	9.9%	(± 1.1%)
b. Slight risk	12.7	(± 6.2)	16.9	(± 1.2)
c. Moderate risk	34.6	(± 8.9)	29.0	(± 1.4)
d. Great risk	42.7	(± 9.3)	37.7	(± 1.9)
e. Not sure	4.6	(± 3.9)	6.5	(± 1.1)

How old were you the first time you:
208. Smoked marijuana?
Local

(n = 214)

State

(n = 9,586)

a. Never have	91.1%	(± 3.8%)	87.2%	(± 1.7%)
b. 10 or younger	0.0	(± 0.0)	2.3	(± 0.5)
c. 11	0.5	(± 0.9)	2.2	(± 0.4)
d. 12	2.3	(± 2.0)	3.4	(± 0.6)
e. 13	5.1	(± 3.0)	4.2	(± 0.6)
f. 14	0.9	(± 1.3)	0.5	(± 0.2)
g. 15	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
h. 16	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
i. 17 or older	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)

[Item 209 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

210. Smoked a cigarette, even just a puff?

Local

(n = 105)

State

(n = 4,601)

a. Never have	91.4%	(± 5.4%)	82.9%	(± 2.2%)
b. 10 or younger	1.0	(± 1.9)	6.1	(± 1.0)
c. 11	1.0	(± 1.9)	2.9	(± 0.5)
d. 12	2.9	(± 3.2)	3.9	(± 0.8)
e. 13	2.9	(± 3.2)	3.3	(± 0.5)
f. 14	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.6	(± 0.3)
g. 15	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.1)
h. 16	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.1)
i. 17 or older	1.0	(± 1.9)	0.2	(± 0.1)

211. Had more than a sip or two of beer, wine, or hard liquor (for example, vodka, whiskey, or gin)?

Local

(n = 214)

State

(n = 9,539)

a. Never have	69.2%	(± 6.2%)	61.7%	(± 2.4%)
b. 10 or younger	13.6	(± 4.6)	15.1	(± 1.1)
c. 11	6.5	(± 3.3)	6.6	(± 0.5)
d. 12	4.2	(± 2.7)	7.5	(± 0.7)
e. 13	5.6	(± 3.1)	7.9	(± 0.8)
f. 14	0.5	(± 0.9)	1.0	(± 0.2)
g. 15	0.5	(± 0.9)	0.1	(± 0.1)
h. 16	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
i. 17 or older	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.2	(± 0.1)

[Item 212 appears only on the elementary version of the survey.]

213. Began drinking alcoholic beverages regularly, that is, at least once or twice a month?

Local

(n = 105)

State

(n = 4,570)

a. Never have	95.2%	(± 4.1%)	89.5%	(± 1.5%)
b. 10 or younger	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.4	(± 0.3)
c. 11	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.5	(± 0.4)
d. 12	0.0	(± 0.0)	2.5	(± 0.6)
e. 13	2.9	(± 3.2)	3.7	(± 0.7)
f. 14	1.0	(± 1.9)	0.9	(± 0.3)
g. 15	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.2	(± 0.1)
h. 16	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
i. 17 or older	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.3	(± 0.1)

How old were you when you first:
214. Got suspended from school?
Local

(n = 105)

State

(n = 4,546)

a. Never have	82.9%	(± 7.2%)	79.8%	(± 2.3%)
b. 10 or younger	7.6	(± 5.1)	8.2	(± 1.3)
c. 11	3.8	(± 3.7)	3.9	(± 0.6)
d. 12	2.9	(± 3.2)	3.9	(± 0.6)
e. 13	1.9	(± 2.6)	3.9	(± 0.7)
f. 14	1.0	(± 1.9)	0.2	(± 0.1)
g. 15	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
h. 16	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
i. 17 or older	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

215. Got arrested?

Local

(n = 105)

State

(n = 4,536)

a. Never have	96.2%	(± 3.7%)	93.7%	(± 1.2%)
b. 10 or younger	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.3	(± 0.4)
c. 11	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.4	(± 0.4)
d. 12	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.6	(± 0.4)
e. 13	1.9	(± 2.6)	1.8	(± 0.5)
f. 14	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)
g. 15	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.1)
h. 16	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
i. 17 or older	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)

216. Carried a handgun?

Local

(n = 105)

State

(n = 4,509)

a. Never have	93.3%	(± 4.8%)	90.2%	(± 1.1%)
b. 10 or younger	1.9	(± 2.6)	3.6	(± 0.6)
c. 11	1.0	(± 1.9)	1.6	(± 0.4)
d. 12	1.9	(± 2.6)	1.8	(± 0.4)
e. 13	1.9	(± 2.6)	2.1	(± 0.5)
f. 14	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.4	(± 0.2)
g. 15	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)
h. 16	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.0)
i. 17 or older	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.2	(± 0.1)

217. Attacked someone with the idea of seriously hurting them?

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,491)

a. Never have	86.5%	(± 6.6%)	85.2%	(± 1.6%)
b. 10 or younger	7.7	(± 5.1)	5.1	(± 0.7)
c. 11	2.9	(± 3.2)	2.4	(± 0.5)
d. 12	2.9	(± 3.2)	2.8	(± 0.5)
e. 13	0.0	(± 0.0)	3.8	(± 0.6)
f. 14	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.5	(± 0.2)
g. 15	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)
h. 16	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.0	(± 0.1)
i. 17 or older	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.1	(± 0.1)

How wrong do YOU think it is for someone your age to:
218. Drink beer, wine, or hard liquor (for example, vodka, whiskey, or gin) regularly?
Local

(n = 97)

State

(n = 4,344)

a. Very wrong	76.3%	(± 8.5%)	68.5%	(± 2.2%)
b. Wrong	14.4	(± 7.0)	18.4	(± 1.2)
c. A little bit wrong	9.3	(± 5.8)	9.4	(± 1.1)
d. Not wrong at all	0.0	(± 0.0)	3.7	(± 0.7)

219. Smoke cigarettes?

Local

(n = 187)

State

(n = 8,414)

a. Very wrong	78.1%	(± 5.9%)	73.3%	(± 1.9%)
b. Wrong	14.4	(± 5.0)	16.2	(± 1.2)
c. A little bit wrong	7.0	(± 3.6)	7.5	(± 0.9)
d. Not wrong at all	0.5	(± 1.0)	3.1	(± 0.5)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

220. Smoke marijuana?

Local

(n = 98)

State

(n = 4,334)

a. Very wrong	78.6%	(± 8.1%)	75.3%	(± 2.1%)
b. Wrong	7.1	(± 5.1)	11.8	(± 1.0)
c. A little bit wrong	8.2	(± 5.4)	7.0	(± 0.9)
d. Not wrong at all	6.1	(± 4.7)	5.9	(± 1.0)

221. Use LSD, cocaine, amphetamines, or another illegal drug?

Local

(n = 97)

State

(n = 4,317)

a. Very wrong	88.7%	(± 6.3%)	87.2%	(± 1.2%)
b. Wrong	9.3	(± 5.8)	8.6	(± 0.9)
c. A little bit wrong	2.1	(± 2.8)	2.4	(± 0.5)
d. Not wrong at all	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.8	(± 0.4)

222. Take a handgun to school?

Local

(n = 100)

State

(n = 4,446)

a. Very wrong	86.0%	(± 6.8%)	82.8%	(± 1.3%)
b. Wrong	12.0	(± 6.4)	12.8	(± 1.1)
c. A little bit wrong	1.0	(± 2.0)	3.2	(± 0.6)
d. Not wrong at all	1.0	(± 2.0)	1.2	(± 0.3)

223. Steal anything worth more than $5?

Local

(n = 99)

State

(n = 4,427)

a. Very wrong	61.6%	(± 9.6%)	56.9%	(± 2.0%)
b. Wrong	24.2	(± 8.4)	28.8	(± 1.3)
c. A little bit wrong	12.1	(± 6.4)	10.9	(± 1.2)
d. Not wrong at all	2.0	(± 2.8)	3.5	(± 0.7)

224. Pick a fight with someone?

Local

(n = 98)

State

(n = 4,405)

a. Very wrong	41.8%	(± 9.8%)	44.3%	(± 2.0%)
b. Wrong	32.7	(± 9.3)	30.4	(± 1.3)
c. A little bit wrong	23.5	(± 8.4)	18.7	(± 1.8)
d. Not wrong at all	2.0	(± 2.8)	6.6	(± 0.8)

225. Attack someone with the idea of seriously hurting them?

Local

(n = 99)

State

(n = 4,405)

a. Very wrong	67.7%	(± 9.2%)	69.4%	(± 2.2%)
b. Wrong	26.3	(± 8.7)	19.3	(± 1.5)
c. A little bit wrong	3.0	(± 3.4)	8.1	(± 1.0)
d. Not wrong at all	3.0	(± 3.4)	3.1	(± 0.6)

226. Stay away from school all day when their parents think they are at school?

Local

(n = 99)

State

(n = 4,387)

a. Very wrong	61.6%	(± 9.6%)	61.7%	(± 2.3%)
b. Wrong	28.3	(± 8.9)	25.5	(± 1.5)
c. A little bit wrong	9.1	(± 5.7)	9.5	(± 1.1)
d. Not wrong at all	1.0	(± 2.0)	3.4	(± 0.6)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

227. What are the chances you would be seen as cool if you began drinking alcoholic beverages regularly, that is, at least once or twice a month?

Local

(n = 110)

State

(n = 4,833)

a. No or very little chance	50.0%	(± 9.3%)	51.0%	(± 2.6%)
b. Little chance	29.1	(± 8.5)	20.9	(± 1.2)
c. Some chance	13.6	(± 6.4)	14.9	(± 1.3)
d. Pretty good chance	5.5	(± 4.3)	8.7	(± 1.0)
e. Very good chance	1.8	(± 2.5)	4.6	(± 0.7)

Think of your four best friends (the friends you feel closest to). In the past year (12 months), how many of your best friends have . . .
228. Smoked cigarettes?
Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 4,105)

a. None	82.8%	(± 7.7%)	77.7%	(± 2.2%)
b. 1	12.9	(± 6.8)	11.1	(± 1.1)
c. 2	1.1	(± 2.1)	4.9	(± 0.8)
d. 3	1.1	(± 2.1)	2.6	(± 0.7)
e. 4	2.2	(± 2.9)	3.9	(± 0.8)

229. Tried beer, wine, or hard liquor (for example, vodka, whiskey, or gin) when their parents didn’t know about it?

Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 4,092)

a. None	69.9%	(± 9.3%)	68.3%	(± 2.8%)
b. 1	11.8	(± 6.6)	12.2	(± 1.4)
c. 2	9.7	(± 6.0)	7.8	(± 1.2)
d. 3	5.4	(± 4.6)	4.5	(± 0.8)
e. 4	3.2	(± 3.6)	7.3	(± 1.0)

230. Used marijuana?

Local

(n = 95)

State

(n = 4,066)

a. None	82.1%	(± 7.7%)	78.7%	(± 2.3%)
b. 1	10.5	(± 6.2)	8.5	(± 0.9)
c. 2	3.2	(± 3.5)	4.5	(± 0.8)
d. 3	1.1	(± 2.1)	3.3	(± 0.7)
e. 4	3.2	(± 3.5)	5.2	(± 1.0)

231. Used LSD, cocaine, amphetamines, or other illegal drugs?

Local

(n = 94)

State

(n = 4,055)

a. None	93.6%	(± 4.9%)	91.0%	(± 1.2%)
b. 1	5.3	(± 4.5)	4.8	(± 0.7)
c. 2	1.1	(± 2.1)	2.0	(± 0.4)
d. 3	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.9	(± 0.3)
e. 4	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.4	(± 0.4)

232. Been suspended from school?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,838)

a. None of my friends	67.0%	(± 8.8%)	65.8%	(± 3.3%)
b. 1 of my friends	22.9	(± 7.9)	18.6	(± 1.5)
c. 2 of my friends	3.7	(± 3.5)	7.5	(± 1.2)
d. 3 of my friends	3.7	(± 3.5)	3.2	(± 0.6)
e. 4 of my friends	2.8	(± 3.1)	4.9	(± 1.0)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

233. Carried a handgun?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,832)

a. None of my friends	95.4%	(± 3.9%)	91.7%	(± 1.1%)
b. 1 of my friends	3.7	(± 3.5)	5.2	(± 0.8)
c. 2 of my friends	0.9	(± 1.8)	1.5	(± 0.4)
d. 3 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.6	(± 0.2)
e. 4 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.0	(± 0.3)

234. Sold illegal drugs?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,825)

a. None of my friends	88.1%	(± 6.1%)	85.5%	(± 1.9%)
b. 1 of my friends	11.0	(± 5.9)	8.3	(± 1.2)
c. 2 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	2.9	(± 0.5)
d. 3 of my friends	0.9	(± 1.8)	1.6	(± 0.4)
e. 4 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.8	(± 0.4)

235. Stolen or tried to steal a motor vehicle such as a car or motorcycle?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,822)

a. None of my friends	97.3%	(± 3.1%)	94.3%	(± 0.9%)
b. 1 of my friends	2.8	(± 3.1)	3.4	(± 0.6)
c. 2 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.0	(± 0.3)
d. 3 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.5	(± 0.2)
e. 4 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.7	(± 0.2)

236. Been arrested?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,812)

a. None of my friends	90.8%	(± 5.4%)	86.0%	(± 2.0%)
b. 1 of my friends	6.4	(± 4.6)	8.5	(± 1.2)
c. 2 of my friends	1.8	(± 2.5)	2.9	(± 0.6)
d. 3 of my friends	0.9	(± 1.8)	1.0	(± 0.4)
e. 4 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.6	(± 0.4)

237. Dropped out of school?

Local

(n = 109)

State

(n = 4,820)

a. None of my friends	92.7%	(± 4.9%)	92.2%	(± 1.2%)
b. 1 of my friends	7.3	(± 4.9)	5.3	(± 0.8)
c. 2 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.4	(± 0.4)
d. 3 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.5	(± 0.2)
e. 4 of my friends	0.0	(± 0.0)	0.7	(± 0.3)

238. When I am an adult I will smoke cigarettes.

Local

(n = 94)

State

(n = 4,018)

a. NO!	77.7%	(± 8.4%)	73.2%	(± 1.7%)
b. no	21.3	(± 8.3)	21.0	(± 1.4)
c. yes	0.0	(± 0.0)	3.9	(± 0.6)
d. YES!	1.1	(± 2.1)	1.9	(± 0.4)

239. When I am an adult I will drink beer, wine, or liquor.

Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 3,981)

a. NO!	36.6%	(± 9.8%)	35.5%	(± 2.4%)
b. no	31.2	(± 9.4)	23.2	(± 1.4)
c. yes	28.0	(± 9.1)	33.1	(± 1.8)
d. YES!	4.3	(± 4.1)	8.2	(± 1.2)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

240. When I am an adult I will smoke marijuana.

Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 4,002)

a. NO!	81.7%	(± 7.9%)	76.1%	(± 1.8%)
b. no	9.7	(± 6.0)	14.6	(± 1.2)
c. yes	5.4	(± 4.6)	5.4	(± 0.7)
d. YES!	3.2	(± 3.6)	3.9	(± 0.8)

Think about your four best friends (the friends you feel closest to). In the past year (12 months), how many of your best friends have…
241. Participated in clubs, organizations or activities at school?
Local

(n = 95)

State

(n = 4,173)

a. None of my friends	10.5%	(± 6.2%)	16.2%	(± 1.8%)
b. 1 of my friends	16.8	(± 7.5)	13.5	(± 1.3)
c. 2 of my friends	15.8	(± 7.3)	15.8	(± 1.1)
d. 3 of my friends	22.1	(± 8.3)	14.8	(± 1.1)
e. 4 of my friends	34.7	(± 9.6)	39.8	(± 3.0)

242. Made a commitment to stay drug-free?

Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 4,118)

a. None of my friends	22.6%	(± 8.5%)	26.3%	(± 2.0%)
b. 1 of my friends	4.3	(± 4.1)	8.2	(± 1.0)
c. 2 of my friends	10.8	(± 6.3)	7.1	(± 0.8)
d. 3 of my friends	8.6	(± 5.7)	9.6	(± 1.0)
e. 4 of my friends	53.8	(± 10.1)	48.8	(± 2.9)

243. Liked school?

Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 4,117)

a. None of my friends	26.9%	(± 9.0%)	24.7%	(± 1.7%)
b. 1 of my friends	12.9	(± 6.8)	13.4	(± 1.1)
c. 2 of my friends	16.1	(± 7.5)	17.9	(± 1.0)
d. 3 of my friends	16.1	(± 7.5)	15.9	(± 1.2)
e. 4 of my friends	28.0	(± 9.1)	28.1	(± 1.7)

244. Regularly attended religious services?

Local

(n = 92)

State

(n = 4,071)

a. None of my friends	26.1%	(± 9.0%)	27.6%	(± 2.1%)
b. 1 of my friends	22.8	(± 8.6)	22.9	(± 1.3)
c. 2 of my friends	28.3	(± 9.2)	19.9	(± 1.4)
d. 3 of my friends	13.0	(± 6.9)	12.2	(± 1.3)
e. 4 of my friends	9.8	(± 6.1)	17.4	(± 1.4)

245. Tried to do well in school?

Local

(n = 93)

State

(n = 4,117)

a. None of my friends	6.5%	(± 5.0%)	7.6%	(± 1.0%)
b. 1 of my friends	6.5	(± 5.0)	7.2	(± 0.8)
c. 2 of my friends	7.5	(± 5.4)	10.1	(± 0.9)
d. 3 of my friends	15.1	(± 7.3)	15.4	(± 1.0)
e. 4 of my friends	64.5	(± 9.7)	59.8	(± 2.1)

246. I think it is okay to take something without asking as long as you get away with it.

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,862)

a. NO!	42.9%	(± 9.2%)	51.4%	(± 2.1%)
b. no	46.4	(± 9.2)	36.8	(± 1.7)
c. yes	8.9	(± 5.3)	8.1	(± 0.9)
d. YES!	1.8	(± 2.5)	3.7	(± 0.7)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

247. I think sometimes it’s okay to cheat at school.

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,859)

a. NO!	42.0%	(± 9.1%)	45.1%	(± 2.8%)
b. no	42.0	(± 9.1)	34.7	(± 1.5)
c. yes	13.4	(± 6.3)	16.6	(± 1.8)
d. YES!	2.7	(± 3.0)	3.6	(± 0.7)

248. It is all right to beat up people if they start the fight.

Local

(n = 112)

State

(n = 4,851)

a. NO!	26.8%	(± 8.2%)	31.6%	(± 2.6%)
b. no	24.1	(± 7.9)	24.1	(± 1.3)
c. yes	30.4	(± 8.5)	25.3	(± 1.5)
d. YES!	18.8	(± 7.2)	18.9	(± 2.1)

249. It is important to be honest with your parents, even if they become upset or you get punished.

Local

(n = 111)

State

(n = 4,849)

a. NO!	5.4%	(± 4.2%)	7.0%	(± 0.6%)
b. no	14.4	(± 6.5)	10.2	(± 0.8)
c. yes	41.4	(± 9.2)	38.6	(± 1.7)
d. YES!	38.7	(± 9.1)	44.2	(± 2.1)

[Items 250–252 appear only on the elementary version of the survey.]

253. You’re looking at CDs in a music store with a friend. You look up and see her slip a CD under her coat. She smiles and says, “Which one do you want? Go ahead, take it while nobody’s around.” There is nobody in sight, no employees, and no other customers. What would you do now?

Local

(n = 91)

State

(n = 3,940)

a. Ignore her	26.4%	(± 9.1%)	23.7%	(± 1.8%)
b. Grab a CD and leave the store	4.4	(± 4.2)	8.3	(± 1.0)
c. Tell her to put the CD back	39.6	(± 10.1)	40.9	(± 2.4)
d. Act like it’s a joke and ask her to put the CD back	29.7	(± 9.4)	27.1	(± 1.8)

254. You are visiting another part of town and you don’t know any of the people your age there. You are walking down the street and some teenager you don’t know is walking toward you. He is about your size. As he is about to pass you, he deliberately bumps into you and you almost lose your balance. What would you say or do?

Local

(n = 89)

State

(n = 3,889)

a. Push the person back	6.7%	(± 5.2%)	14.5%	(± 1.6%)
b. Say nothing and keep on walking	41.6	(± 10.2)	42.4	(± 2.1)
c. Say, “Watch where you’re going,” and keep on walking	33.7	(± 9.8)	30.2	(± 1.9)
d. Swear at the person and walk away	18.0	(± 8.0)	12.8	(± 1.0)

255. You are at a party at someone’s house and one of your friends offers you a drink containing alcohol. What would you say or do?

Local

(n = 89)

State

(n = 3,875)

a. Drink it	11.2%	(± 6.6%)	16.0%	(± 1.8%)
b. Tell your friend, “No thanks. I don’t drink,” and suggest that you and your friend go and do something else	30.3	(± 9.5)	44.4	(± 2.0)
c. Just say, “No, thanks,” and walk away	33.7	(± 9.8)	27.0	(± 1.5)
d. Make up a good excuse, tell your friend you had something else to do, and leave	24.7	(± 9.0)	12.5	(± 1.1)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

256. During the past 12 months, how many days did you miss some school because of a toothache (do not include toothache due to braces or an injury)? (For the elementary version of this question, please see Item 85.)

Local

(n = 104)

State

(n = 4,799)

a. None	96.2%	(± 3.7%)	92.0%	(± 1.2%)
b. 1–4 days	2.9	(± 3.2)	4.5	(± 0.7)
c. 5 days or more	0.0	(± 0.0)	1.3	(± 0.4)
d. Not sure	1.0	(± 1.9)	2.2	(± 0.5)

Eisenhower Middle School (Everett School District) Grade 8

List of Core Items

The core items that appeared on both Forms A and B (the secondary versions of the survey) are listed below. All other items appeared on either Form A or Form B, but not both. Core items may or may not have appeared on Form C (the elementary version).

Item
Description
Item
Description
1
Age
58
Drinking categories variable
3
Gender
59
Drunk or high at school (past 12 months)
4
Race/Ethnicity
78
Participation in after school activities
5
Language spoken at home
97
30-day ridden in car with drinking driver
7
Mother’s education
99
30-day driven a car while drinking
8
Father’s education
102
Weapon carrying on school property (past 30 days)
14
Honesty in completing survey
103
Physical fighting (past 12 months)
16
Lifetime alcohol use
105
Gang membership
17
Lifetime marijuana use
110
Depression (past 12 months)
24
30-day use of cigarettes
111
Seriously consider attempting suicide
25
30-day use of chewing tobacco
122
Been bullied (past 30 days)
28
30-day use of alcohol
131
School provides counselor to discuss ATOD
29
30-day use of marijuana or hashish
186
Grades in school (past 12 months)
30/31
30-day use of illegal drugs
191
Enjoyed being in school (past 12 months)
32
30-day use of painkillers
202
Feel safe at school
34
Would smoke if offered cigarette by a friend
208
Age when first smoked marijuana
35
Intent to smoke within the next year
211
Age when first drank alcohol
55
Binge drinking
219
Perceived wrongness of smoking

Item Index
Age at first use 208, 210, 211, 213

Alcohol

Age at first use 211, 213

Attitudes 56–57, 156, 158, 218, 227, 239, 255

Driving 97, 99

Prevention 50–52

Quitting 62

Source 60, 150

Use 28, 55, 58–59, 229

Arrest 215, 236

Asthma 79–84

Bullying 122–130

Clubs 162–164

Cocaine (see Drugs)

Demographics 1, 3–5, 7–8

Dental Health 88, 256

Depression 110, 116

Diabetes 86

Drugs

Age at first use 208

Cocaine 21, 153, 221, 231

Marijuana 17, 29, 54, 152, 155, 160, 208, 220, 230, 240

Methamphetamines 20, 153, 221, 231

Other drugs 18–19, 22, 30–33, 221, 231

Quitting 62

Selling 234

Source 61, 153 Family 143–145, 168–185

Fighting 103–104, 217, 224–225, 248, 254

Fitness

Body weight 63–64

Exercise 71–73

Physical Education 76–77

Friends 228–237, 241–245

Gambling 120–121

Gangs 105

Guns (see Weapons)

HIV/AIDS Education 133–135

Honesty 14, 246–247, 249

Marijuana (see Drugs)

Medical care 87–88

Methamphetamines (see Drugs)

Neighborhood 147–149, 161

Nutrition 65–70

Pregnancy prevention 134–135

Quality of life 136–142

Risk of harm 37, 54, 204–207

Rules enforcement 53, 132, 168–175

Safety 93, 95–96

School

Absence 194, 226

Achievement 186–187, 193

After school activities 78

ATOD Intervention 131 School (continued)

Climate 195–201, 203

Enjoyment 191–192

Fighting at 104

Safety 202

Schoolwork 188-190, 197

Substance use at 40, 59

Suspension 214, 232

Weapons at 102, 222

Sexual Behavior 89–92

Sleep 12–13

Suicide 111–113, 117–119

Teams (see Clubs)

Theft 223, 235, 253

Tobacco

Advertising 42

Age at first use 210

Chewing 25

Cigarettes 15, 24, 34–37, 40, 157, 210, 219, 228, 238

Prevention 38–39, 48

Quitting 62

Secondhand smoke 41, 43–45, 47

Source 49, 151

Other tobacco use 26–27

TV/Video Games 74–75

Weapons 100, 102, 154, 159, 216, 233

Violence 106–109

Work 9–11

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Healthy Youth Survey 2010 Survey Results 3 RMC Research Corporation ¨ Portland, OR

See page 1 for a key to the notes (A, B (NS) , C )

Healthy Youth Survey 2010 Survey Results 7 RMC Research Corporation ¨ Portland, OR

See page 1 for a key to the notes (A, B (NS) , C )

*Item*	*Description*	*Item*	*Description*
1	Age	58	Drinking categories variable
3	Gender	59	Drunk or high at school (past 12 months)
4	Race/Ethnicity	78	Participation in after school activities
5	Language spoken at home	97	30-day ridden in car with drinking driver
7	Mother’s education	99	30-day driven a car while drinking
8	Father’s education	102	Weapon carrying on school property (past 30 days)
14	Honesty in completing survey	103	Physical fighting (past 12 months)
16	Lifetime alcohol use	105	Gang membership
17	Lifetime marijuana use	110	Depression (past 12 months)
24	30-day use of cigarettes	111	Seriously consider attempting suicide
25	30-day use of chewing tobacco	122	Been bullied (past 30 days)
28	30-day use of alcohol	131	School provides counselor to discuss ATOD
29	30-day use of marijuana or hashish	186	Grades in school (past 12 months)
30/31	30-day use of illegal drugs	191	Enjoyed being in school (past 12 months)
32	30-day use of painkillers	202	Feel safe at school
34	Would smoke if offered cigarette by a friend	208	Age when first smoked marijuana
35	Intent to smoke within the next year	211	Age when first drank alcohol
55	Binge drinking	219	Perceived wrongness of smoking