| · | Value to define form of facial features. | |
| · | Form to create depth of facial features. | |
| · | Value to accurately replicate shadow and light. | |
| · | Shape. | |
| · | Proportion and placement. | |
| · | Line and Edge. | |
| · | Texture. | |
| · | Space to create a face that occupies at least one-half of the paper. | |
| · | Use a photograph (recommended black and white, head and shoulders, approximately 8x11). | |
| · | Use a grid. | |